WincsNanotrode development for DBS

描述（由申请人提供）：脑深部电刺激（DBS）是一种有效的神经外科手术方法，用于治疗各种神经和精神疾病，包括帕金森病、原发性震颤、癫痫和抑郁症等。 本研究提案旨在通过开发一种新型术中监测方法来推进DBS技术，该方法基于使用基于碳纳米管（CNF）的电极设计在脑电极界面进行电化学监测。 这种方法利用了马约诊所开发的技术，即无线瞬时神经递质浓度传感器（WINCS），这是一种将数字遥测与快速扫描循环伏安法（FSCV）和电流分析法相结合的仪器系统，与美国国家航空航天局（NASA）开发的基于CNF的电极技术（称为WINCS纳米电极）相结合。 根据马约IRB批准的方案，WINCS的安全性和可行性已经在接受DBS神经外科手术的人类患者中成功测试。 最近，CNF纳米电极已被证明是电化学检测的优异基底，表现出超高灵敏度、高信噪比和快速采样，同时提供改进的脑电极界面以进行更有效的刺激，从而节省电池寿命。 凭借其亚秒级的化学分辨记录，FSCV被认为是测量实验室动物神经递质（包括多巴胺、血清素、去甲肾上腺素和腺苷）的最先进技术。 通过将神经递质的释放与真实的治疗刺激相关联，马约诊所的WINCS与NASA的WINCS纳米电极耦合将提供一种强大的新工具来评估DBS的机制、引导电极放置以及测试刺激的准确性和效率。 三个具体目标是：（1）完成WINCS和WINCS纳米电极开发，以生成能够用于人体电化学传感的器械，（2）在DBS神经外科的大型动物（猪）模型中建立WINCS纳米电极方法，用于术中神经化学监测，以及（3）在DBS神经外科手术期间建立WINCS和WINCS纳米电极方法，用于人体术中神经化学监测。 我们相信WINCS和WINCS纳米电极技术在识别DBS的特定靶点、简化已经漫长而困难的植入过程、评估刺激参数的效率以及提高刺激电极的准确性和效率方面具有巨大的潜力。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective neurosurgical approach for a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders including Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, epilepsy, and depression, among others. This research proposal is intended to advance DBS technology by developing a novel intraoperative monitoring approach based on electrochemical monitoring at the brain-electrode interface by use of carbon nanofiber (CNF) based electrode design. This approach utilizes technology developed at the Mayo Clinic, the Wireless Instantaneous Neurotransmitter Concentration Sensor (WINCS), an instrumentation system that combines digital telemetry with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) and amperometry, coupled to CNF based electrode technology developed at National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) called WINCSnanotrode. Under Mayo IRB approved protocol, WINCS safety and feasibility has already been tested successfully in human patients undergoing DBS neurosurgery. Recently, CNF nanoelectrodes have been shown to be an excellent substrate for electrochemical detection demonstrating ultra high sensitivity, high signal to noise ratio, and rapid sampling, while at the same time providing an improved brain-electrode interface for more efficient stimulation, thereby conserving battery life. By virtue of its sub-second, chemically resolved recording, FSCV is recognized as state-of-the-art for measuring neurotransmitters, including dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, and adenosine, in laboratory animals. By correlating the release of neurotransmitter and therapeutic stimulation in real time, Mayo Clinic's WINCS coupled to NASA's WINCSnanotrode will provide a powerful new tool to assess the mechanism of DBS, guiding electrode placement, and testing accuracy and efficiency of stimulation. The three Specific Aims are (1) complete WINCS and WINCSnanotrode development to generate a device that is capable of use in humans for electrochemical sensing, (2) establish WINCSnanotrode approach for intraoperative neurochemical monitoring in a large-animal (pig) model of DBS neurosurgery, and (3) establish WINCS and WINCSnanotrode approach for intraoperative neurochemical monitoring in humans during DBS neurosurgery. We believe that WINCS and WINCSnanotrode technology engenders great potential to identify specific targets for DBS, to streamline the already long and difficult implantation procedure, to assess efficiency of stimulation parameter, and to improve the accuracy and efficiency of stimulating electrode.