Neuronal mechanisms of selective attention in early vision

摘要：早期视觉中选择性注意的神经元机制 在过去的二十年里，人们对选择性注意的机制进行了深入的研究。作为一名 结果，现在对参与视觉的大脑区域网络有了更好的了解 注意力和单个神经元对注意力转移的反应。目前关注的模式也有一种 向提供可能具有直接临床意义的注意回路的一般框架又近了一步。 然而，当前模型的一个主要局限性是缺乏细胞特异性。大多数最新的型号都可以 在给定的皮质区域内的细胞，就好像它是从神经元的随机样本中提取的，这些神经元只是在 它们感受野的空间位置，以及它们对线条方向和运动方向的选择性。这个 完全忽略了具有不同功能的不同细胞类型的存在。不同环境中的神经元 层，神经元进行局部和远程连接，直到最近，抑制性和兴奋性 模型对所有神经元一视同仁。 这项提案的主要目标是提供有关细胞选择性的生物学数据，这是建立更多 现实的和临床相关的视觉注意模型。我们的目标是描述不同类型的细胞 参与了V1区的注意网络。我们还旨在识别具有不同功能的神经元群体 注意力中的功能：参与增强注意力焦点的视力的功能和参与 抑制周围区域的分心。我们将使用最先进的技术来密集采样 通过V1区皮质深处的单个神经元和神经元群体。我们的新技术 使我们能够研究给定的神经元群体的属性几天或几个月，如果必要的话。我们的目标是 利用这项技术提供不同大脑皮层注意回路的详细特征 V1区的深度，并找出使注意力调制最强的任务参数。

ABSTRACT: Neuronal mechanisms of selective attention in early vision The mechanisms of selective attention have been intensively investigated over the past two decades. As a consequence, there is now a better understanding of the network of brain areas that are involved in visual attention and the responses of individual neurons to attentional shifts. Current models of attention are also one step closer to providing a general framework of attentional circuits that could have direct clinical significance. However, a major limitation of current models is the lack of cellular specificity. Most current models treat each cell within a given cortical area as if it was taken from a random sample of neurons that simply differ in the spatial location of their receptive fields and their selectivity for line orientation and direction of movement. The existence of different cell types with possible different functions is completely neglected. Neurons in different layers, neurons making local and long-range connections and, until very recently, inhibitory and excitatory neurons are all treated equally by models. The main goal of this proposal is to provide the biological data on cell selectivity that is needed to build more realistic and clinically relevant models of visual attention. We aim to characterize the different cell types that are involved in attentional networks in area V1. We also aim to identify populations of neurons with different functions in attention: those involved in enhancing vision at the focus of attention and those involved in suppressing distraction in surrounding areas. We will use state-of-the-art technology to densely sample individual neurons and populations of neurons through the cortical depths of area V1. Our novel technology allows us to study the properties of a given population of neurons for days or months, if necessary. We aim to take advantage of this technology to provide a detailed characterization of attention circuits at different cortical depths of area V1 and identify the task parameters that make attentional modulations strongest.