Hawaii Island Community Lung Assessment and Scientific Studies (HICLASS)

描述（申请人提供）：自1983年以来，基拉韦厄火山平均每天至少排放1，800吨二氧化硫（SO2）。这一提议的关键是，2008年排放量急剧增加，导致每天的间歇性排放量超过5，000吨。结合风的模式，高耸的山脉，以及湿度和降水的变化，排放物创造了一个自然实验，其中一些社区免于暴露于二氧化硫和酸性气溶胶，而其他社区则经常暴露于这种火山空气污染，或“vog”。“2001年，夏威夷岛社区研究人员和学术伙伴开始对5个岛屿社区的二氧化硫、细颗粒物和酸性颗粒物进行环境表征。这项研究计划，即夏威夷岛儿童肺部评估科学研究，也开始了一项以学校为基础的儿童纵向研究，以辨别长期暴露于vog和其他环境和宿主因素对呼吸系统的长期影响。 2008年，基拉韦厄峰及其东部裂谷带的排放量急剧增加，这提供了一个机会，可以从两个方面研究偶发性暴露的更严重影响。首先，在2008年秋季，研究人员开始在火山艺术与科学学院招募140名学生，该学院距离山顶火山口仅2英里，并受到超过1000 ppb的SO2浓度的影响。此外，在2007年9月至2009年5月期间，866名最初的全岛范围内的ARASS参与者仍在研究中，提供了排放增加之前和期间的症状和肺功能数据。对vog的分散进行追溯建模将允许分析该队列的健康数据，以了解vog暴露与呼吸道症状和功能的急性或亚急性变化之间的关联。然而，我们发现，关键的数据，包括对火山排放量和速度的准确估计，缺乏为我们的建模工作提供信息。 与美国地质调查局（USGS）和夏威夷地球物理和行星学研究所（HIGP）的科学家合作，可以提供这一重要信息，方法是促进对高发射阶段VOG羽流光谱测量的分析。这些重要的排放数据将有助于改进夏威夷岛上空空气污染的建模，并分析火山空气污染与急性、中期和长期健康影响之间的关联。我们提出了一系列的研究，将加强社区卫生研究能力，促进社区与学术界和政府科学家的伙伴关系，并增加我们对火山空气污染和其他环境风险的影响的理解和管理。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Kilauea volcano has produced, on average, at least 1,800 tons per day of sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions since 1983. Key to this proposal, emissions increased dramatically in 2008, resulting in episodic emissions of more than 5,000 tons per day. Combined with wind patterns, towering mountains, and variations in humidity and precipitation, the emissions create a natural experiment in which some communities are spared exposure to SO2 and acid aerosols whereas others are frequently exposed to this volcanic air pollution, or "vog." In 2001, Hawaii Island community researchers and academic partners had begun an environmental characterization of SO2, fine particulate matter, and acid particulate matter in 5 island communities. This research program, the Hawaii Island Children's Lung Assessment Scientific Study (HICLASS), also began a longitudinal, school-based study of children, to discern the long-term respiratory effects of chronic vog exposure and other environmental and host factors. The dramatic increase in 2008 of emissions from Kilauea's summit as well as its East Rift Zone provided an opportunity to study more acute effects of episodic exposure in 2 ways. First, in Fall 2008, HICLASS researchers started to recruit 140 students at Volcano School of Arts and Sciences, located just 2 miles from the summit crater and subject to episodic SO2 concentrations in excess of 1000 ppb. In addition, 866 of the original island-wide HICLASS participants remained in the study between September 2007 and May 2009, providing symptom and lung function data from just before and during the increased emissions period. Retroactive modeling of the dispersion of the vog would allow analysis of this cohort's health data for associations of vog exposure and acute or sub-acute changes in respiratory symptoms and function. We found, however, that crucial data, including accurate estimates of volcano emissions volume and velocity, were lacking to inform our modeling efforts. Collaboration with scientists at the US Geological Survey (USGS) and Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology (HIGP) can provide this vital information, by facilitating analysis of spectral measurements of the vog plume during the high emissive phase. This vital emissions data would then allow improved modeling of the air pollution over Hawaii Island and analysis of association between volcanic air pollution and acute, intermediate, and long-term health effects. We propose a series of studies that will strengthen community health research capacity, facilitate community partnerships with academic and government scientists, and increase our understanding and management of the effects of volcanic air pollution and other environmental risks.