SEX DIFFERENCES IN HEALTH AND SURVIVAL IN THE DANISH POPULATION

项目2：丹麦人口在健康和生存方面的性别差异 残疾是老年人死亡率的有力预测因素。男性的身体残疾程度低于年龄- 匹配的女性，他们仍然有相当高的死亡率。目前的项目旨在阐明 男性和女性之间的健康-生存相关性差异的基础， 丹麦独特的数据资源，包括对双胞胎和整个丹麦的大型纵向调查 1905年-队列。由于健康相关的选择性无应答是老年人研究中的一个主要偏倚， 该项目还将与丹麦统计局的全国登记册建立联系， 关于组群中所有个人的社会经济状况以及药物、住院和死亡的信息 under下study研究- including包括thenon-responses应答者. 这些广泛的数据集最初将用于评估健康-生存悖论的程度 因为健康的定义和健康的衡量方式。我们的主要假设是， 一个悖论部分是由于从“不健康状态”到死亡或“健康状态”的不同转变率 对于男性和女性来说，它的变化率比功能水平更能预测 老年人和高龄老人的生存。该数据集还使我们能够测试健康的男性是否 与有类似健康问题的女性相比， 男性更不愿意寻求治疗。 P01的国际范围使我们能够评估观察到的性别差异在多大程度上 在丹麦、美国和亚洲的人群中是恒定的。 相关性（参见说明）： 男性比女性更健康，但死得更早，这是真的吗？如果是，为什么？该研究项目涉及 这些关于人类健康与生存悖论的问题。调查结果将提供更深入的 了解健康和生存方面性别差异的基础和机会社会， 特别是卫生专业人员必须改善男性和女性的健康和生存。

Project 2: Sex Differences in Health and Survival in the Danish Population Disabilities are strong predictors of mortality at older ages. Males are less physically disabled than age- matched females and still they have substantially higher mortality. The current project aims to shed light on the basis for the difference in the health-survival association between males and females through the use of unique data resources in Denmark consisting of large longitudinal surveys of twins and the entire Danish 1905-cohort. Because health related selective non-response is a major bias in studies of the elderly, this project will be supplemented with a linkage to Statistics Denmark's nationwide registers including information on socio-economic status as well as on medication, hospitalization and death for all individuals in the cohorts under study - including thenon-responders. These extensive data sets will initially be used to assess to what extent the health-survival paradox is due to the definition of health and how health is measured. Our main hypotheses are that the health-survival paradox is partly due to different transition rates from an "unhealthy state" to either death or "a healthy state" for males and females and that it is more the rate-of-change than the level of functioning that is predictive of survival among the elderly and the oldest-old. The dataset also enables us to test whether males with health problems are less likely to participate in surveys than females with similar health problems and whether there is more reluctance among males to seek medical treatment. The international scope of this P01 enables us to assess to what extent the observed sex differences are constant across populations in Denmark, USA, and Asia. RELEVANCE (See instructions): Is it true that males are healthier than females but die younger? If so, why? This research project addresses these questions concerning the human health-survival paradox. Findings will provide a deeper understanding of the basis for sex differences in health and survivaland of the opportunities society and particularly health professionals have to improve health and survival for both males and females.