Environmental Surveillance Core

环境监测核心（ESC）是计划在 流行病学、病媒生物学和寄生虫学项目。它提供了一个环境和空间背景， 在这些项目中使用的抽样设计和一个框架，以帮助确保这些项目是好的， 相互融合。ESC使用各种空间注册数据库，这些数据库在 地理信息系统（GIS）环境提供其服务。例如，高分辨率 遥感数据被用来对农村或城郊的住户进行计数和定位 环境（取决于采样需求），以提供采样框架和代表性样本 用于进行基于人群的研究。这些环境数据也可用于生成最新的 关于各种特征的信息，如交通网络、温度和降水状况 这些数据在所研究的地区是不可用的。ESC还将 以人口为基础的研究与时空相关的环境数据，用于随后的 项目进行分析，以确定与疟疾传播和疾病有关的因素。 此外，ESC可以为单个项目提供新的、适当缩减的数据进行测试 新理论的发展。例如，ESC提供生成 水在整个景观中运动的水文模型，以确定水将在哪里积聚。的 ESC可以将模型结果与现场观测相结合，以确定最佳模型和数据输入， 疟疾风险的各种措施。ESC使用基于网络的系统来整合数据集 由项目负责人生成，并提供一种机制，既可以链接所有项目数据， 环境数据在单个上下文中进行数据传输和可视化。

The Environmental Surveillance Core (ESC) serves as a resource for fleld studies planned in the Epidemiology, Vector Biology and Parasitology projects. It provides an environmental and spatial context for sampling designs used in these projects and a framework to help ensure that these projects are well integrated with one another. The ESC uses various spatially registered data bases that are linked within a geographic information systems (GIS) environment to provide its sen/ice. For example, high resolution remotely sensed (RS) data are used to enumerate and locate households in either rural or periurban environments (depending on sampling needs) to provide both a sampling frame and representative samples for conducting population based studies. These environmental data also can be used to generate up to date information on various features, such as transportation networks, and temperature and precipitation regimes that are otherwise unavailable for the region under study. The ESC also links the outcomes of the population based studies with spatio-temporally associated environmental data that are used in subsequent analyses by the projects to identify factors associated with aspects of malaria transmission and disease. Additionally, the ESC can provide new, appropriately downscaled data for individual projects to test hypotheses as new theories are developed. For example, the ESC provides the ability to generate hydrologic models of water movement across the landscape to identify where water will accumulate. The ESC can combine the model results with field observations to identify the optimal model and data inputs, for various measures of malaria risk. The ESC uses a web-based system to incorporate the data sets generated by the project leaders and provide a mechanism both to link all the project data and the environmental data within a single context for data transfer and visualization.