Media Multitasking, Attention, and Memory.

描述(由申请人提供)：信息门控--过滤掉与任务无关的信息的能力--是广泛认知的核心。个体获取分散注意力的信息的能力各不相同，这种差异与目标导向行为的差异有关。 和记忆。最近的证据表明，与控制分心物的能力相关的一个因素是个体在处理媒体的慢性多任务行为上的差异(“媒体多任务”)。与日常生活中较少接触多种媒体的人相比，重媒体一心多用者(HMM)似乎更容易受到外部(来自环境)或内部(来自记忆)干扰的影响。鉴于媒体多任务(MM)行为的日益普遍，了解MM行为与神经认知功能之间的关系变得越来越重要。为此，我们的目标是(A)描述MM行为、过滤能力和神经功能之间的关系，以及(B)检查不良的信息选通是否会对记忆产生积极和消极的后果。我们将使用基于任务和静息状态的fMRI来检验这一假设，即相对于轻度MMS(LMM)，HMM中干扰物过滤的减少与自下而上和自上而下的注意网络的不同参与有关，以及这些网络内部和之间大规模连接的差异。我们将研究分心如何影响任务相关和无关信息的记忆，并将记忆结果的差异与分心(使用单变量和多体素模式分析[MVPA])和休息(测量大规模网络连贯性)期间神经激活的差异联系起来。目的1检验MM相关知觉过滤的差异及其对记忆的影响，检验以下假设：(A)MM相关的门控无关知觉信息的差异与背侧(自上而下)和腹侧(自下而上)额顶叶注意网络的不同功能有关，以及(B)这些差异影响任务相关信息和无关信息的记忆编码，表现为后来的记忆或遗忘。目标2将检验记忆过滤中与MM相关的差异及其对跨事件概括知识能力的影响，测试一个假设，即未能阻止分散注意力的内部表征的一个好处可能是增加跨事件的概括，因为‘分散注意力的’记忆的恢复可能支持对重叠经验的整合表征的建立。除了提供有关注意、记忆和注意-记忆相互作用的神经认知理论外，这项拟议的研究还具有重要的心理健康意义，因为它将提供一些关于媒体多任务处理是否以及如何与大规模注意和记忆神经系统的功能相关的第一证据。此外，通过促进对多任务行为和注意力之间关系的理解，拟议的研究可能会为临床注意力状况的评估和干预提供信息，如注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)和精神分裂症。 公共卫生相关性：近年来，媒体一心多用的盛行明显增加，引发了关于认知和神经功能潜在后果的公共卫生问题。这一创新的研究计划将提供关键证据，解决媒体多任务行为与注意力和记忆神经系统功能之间的关系。通过解决这一重要但未被探索的问题，计划中的研究还将对注意力和记忆之间的相互作用产生新的见解，这可能会为评估和补救临床人群中的注意力缺陷(如ADHD和精神分裂症)提供策略。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Information gating-the ability to filter out task-irrelevant information-is central to a broad range of cognition. Individuals vary in their ability o gate distracting information, and this difference relates to differences in goal- directed behavior and memory. Recent evidence indicates that one factor that correlates with the ability to gate distractors is individual differences in chronic multitasking behavior with media ('media multitasking'). Relative to individuals who engage less frequently with multiple streams of media in daily life, heavy media multitaskers (HMMs) appear more susceptible to distractors, whether external (from the environment) or internal (from memory). Given the rising prevalence of media multitasking (MM) behavior, it is increasingly important to understand the relationship between MM behavior and neurocognitive function. To this end, we aim to (a) delineate the relationship between MM behavior, filtering ability, and neural function, and (b) examine whether poor information gating gives rise to positive and negative consequences for memory. We will use task-based and resting-state fMRI to test the hypothesis that decreased distractor filtering in HMMs relative to light MMs (LMMs) relates to differential engagement of bottom-up and top-down attention networks, as well as differences in large-scale connectivity within and between these networks. We will examine how distraction affects memory for task-relevant and irrelevant information, and we will relate differences in memory outcomes to differences in neural activation during distraction (using univariate and multivoxel pattern analyses [MVPA]) and during rest (measuring large-scale network coherence). Aim 1 will examine MM-related differences in perceptual filtering and the consequences for memory, testing the hypotheses that (a) MM-related differences in gating irrelevant perceptual information are associated with differential functioning of the dorsal (top-down) and ventral (bottom-up) frontoparietal attention networks, and (b) these differences impact memory encoding of task-relevant and irrelevant information, as expressed by later remembering or forgetting. Aim 2 will examine MM-related differences in mnemonic filtering and the consequences for the ability to generalize knowledge across events, testing the hypothesis that one benefit of failures to gate distracting internal representations may be increased across-event generalization, because reinstatement of 'distracting' memories may support the building of integrated representations of overlapping experiences. In addition to informing neurocognitive theories of attention, memory, and attention-memory interactions, the proposed research has significant mental health relevance as it will provide some of the first evidence bearing on whether and how media multitasking relates to the function of large-scale neural systems of attention and memory. Moreover, by advancing understanding of the relationship between multitasking behavior and attention, the proposed research may prove informative for assessment and intervention in clinical conditions of attention, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and schizophrenia. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The prevalence of media multitasking has markedly increased in recent years, raising public health questions about potential consequences for cognitive and neural function. This innovative research program will provide critical evidence addressing the relationship between media multitasking behavior and the function of neural systems of attention and memory. By addressing this important but under-explored issue, the planned research will also yield new insights into interactions between attention and memory, which may inform strategies for assessment and remediation of attention deficits in clinical populations, such as ADHD and schizophrenia.