Motives for Simultaneous Alcohol and Tobacco Use in Young Adults

描述（由申请人提供）：虽然酒精和烟草的使用是有联系的，但对这种关系的性质知之甚少，因为大多数研究都集中在一种物质或另一种物质上。本研究的目的是探讨潜在的差异，在不同阶段的SATU的危险因素和反应t环境物质线索，并制定一项措施的动机和期望同时使用酒精和烟草（SATU）。 利用从现有的酒精和烟草的具体措施和[先前在焦点小组讨论测试]的项目，我们将制定一个衡量酒精SATU的动机和期望。接下来，我们将从社区招募18-25奥尔兹（n = 300）。根据当前酒精和烟草用途：重度/重度、重度/轻度、轻度/重度和轻度/轻度，将受试者平均分为四组。受试者将入组并在线完成新措施以及对许多风险因素的评估。最后，将选择60名受试者（每组15名，年龄、性别、种族/民族匹配）参加fMRI会话，其中他们将暴露于 酒精，烟草，[和SATU]线索。线索反应将根据大脑活动和自我报告的对酒精和烟草的渴望来测量。 心理测量特性的新措施的共同使用的动机和期望将通过探索性[和验证性]因素分析进行评估。我们预期几个不同但相关的因素，包括增强，自动性和社会/整合动机。我们还将通过比较各组之间的得分，并将得分与评估的风险因素相关联，来评估新量表的有效性。我们假设，两个重度饮酒组将表现出最积极的期望和最强烈的共同使用的动机，其次是两个轻度饮酒组。还预计分数将与SATU的频率和物质使用的几个风险因素显着相关。最后，我们预测，两个重度酒精组将报告更多的积极预期SATU比任何单独的物质，他们的期望SATU将比其他组更积极。在功能磁共振成像任务方面，我们预计重度酒精使用者将表现出更大的BOLD和渴望的反应，与其他人相比，只有酒精的线索。我们还假设，较重的合作者将表现出交叉反应，如酒精的线索引起烟草以及酒精的渴望，反之亦然。最后，我们预计，SATU线索将引起更大的大胆和渴望的反应比酒精唯一的线索在那些报告频繁同时使用。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Although it is well-established that alcohol and tobacco use are linked, relatively little is known about the nature of the relationship, as most research has focused on one substance or the other. The purpose of the present study is to explore potential differences at different stages of SATU in terms of risk factors and reactivity t environmental substance cues and to develop a measure of motives and expectancies for simultaneous use of alcohol and tobacco (SATU). Utilizing items drawn from existing alcohol- and tobacco-specific measures and [previously tested in focus group discussions], we will develop a measure of motives and expectancies for alcohol SATU. Next, we will recruit 18-25 year olds (n = 300) from the community. Subjects will be divided evenly into four groups based on current alcohol and tobacco use: heavy/heavy, heavy/light, light/heavy, and light/light. Subjects will be enrolled and complete the new measure as well as assessment of a number of risk factors online. Finally, 60 subjects (15 from each group, matched on age, sex, race/ethnicity) will be selected to participate in an fMRI session in which they will be exposed to alcohol, tobacco, [and SATU] cues. Cue reactivity will be measured in terms of brain activity and self-reported craving for alcohol and tobacco. Psychometric properties of the new measure of co-use motives and expectancies will be assessed via exploratory [and confirmatory] factor analysis. We anticipate several distinct but related factors, including enhancement, automaticity, and social/conformity motives. We will also evaluate the validity of the new scale by comparing scores among the groups, and correlating scores with the assessed risk factors. We hypothesize that the two heavy alcohol use groups will exhibit the most positive expectancies and strongest motives for co-use, followed by the two light alcohol groups. It is also expected that scores will be significantly correlated with frequency of SATU and with several risk factors for substance use. Finally, we predict that both heavy alcohol groups will report more positive expectancies for SATU than for either substance alone, and that their expectancies for SATU will be more positive than the other groups. In terms of the fMRI task, we expect that heavy alcohol users will exhibit greater BOLD and craving reactivity to alcohol-only cues compared with others. We also hypothesize that heavier co-users will exhibit cross-reactivity, such that alcohol-only cues elicit tobacco as well as alcohol craving, and vice versa. Finally, we expect that SATU cues will elicit greater BOLD and craving responses than alcohol-only cues in those who report frequent simultaneous use.