A Participatory Design Process Addressing Ergonomics of Hospital Patient Rooms

描述（由申请人提供）：本申请的长期目标是减少医疗工作者在机构环境中经历的肌肉骨骼损伤和不适。在许多工作场所，员工所表现出的尴尬姿势和动作，以及完成工作任务所需的努力，与工作空间的布局和组织有直接关系。对于在病房管理护理的医院工作人员来说尤其如此。鉴于我们目前正在经历前所未有的医疗设施建设热潮（Gamble, 2011; Nelson et al., 2005; Terry, 2011）；我们提供了一个独特的机会来解决许多房间设计参数，这些参数为直接提供病人护理的工作人员和其他医院工作人员创造了物理人体工程学问题。然而，医疗保健领域的三个新兴趋势给医院病房的设计师带来了额外的挑战。首先，有向急性适应性强的房间的移动，以适应患者在住院期间的不同护理水平。第二，有一种趋势是把医院的服务带给病人，而不是把病人送到医院。总之，这些趋势表明，病房作为一个工作环境需要容纳更多的人执行更多的任务比以往任何时候。第三，人口越来越多，需要为游客提供更大的床和更大的家具。该应用程序的主要目标是通过系统方法解决在病房工作的许多不同利益相关者群体的需求，主要由参与式设计过程驱动，该过程将利用由研究人员和从业人员组成的多样化、多学科团队的专业知识。具体来说，该应用程序的目的是：(1)识别、观察和分析由于病房设计参数而对确定的利益相关者（用户）构成人体工程学挑战的工作任务；(2)就与病房设计相关的人机工程学挑战达成共识，并就病房设计的人机工程学方面征求利益相关者的具体建议；(3)确定影响患者及其来访者和家属需求的病房设计参数，并引发对病房设计参数的改变，以最好地支持这些需求；(4)解决利益相关者群体之间关于病房设计参数的冲突，从而形成一套清晰的病房设计参数建议。总之，我们的过程将产生一套指导方针，可供设计师、规划人员、医院管理人员和其他对病房设计感兴趣的人使用和访问，并为未来与医疗设施设计相关的循证研究奠定基础。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long term goal of this application is to reduce musculoskeletal injuries and discomfort experienced by healthcare workers in institutional settings. In many workplaces the awkward postures and motions exhibited by workers, and the effort required to complete work-related tasks bear a direct relationship to the layout and organization of the workspace. This is particularly true for hospital workers administering care in patient rooms. Given that we are currently undergoing an unprecedented boom in healthcare facility construction (Gamble, 2011; Nelson et al., 2005; Terry, 2011); we are presented with a unique opportunity to address many of the room design parameters that create physical ergonomics issues for workers who provide direct patient care and other members of the hospital staff. However, three emerging trends in healthcare present additional challenges to designers of hospital patient rooms. First, there is the move toward acuity-adaptable rooms which accommodate patients through varied levels of care during their hospital stays. Second, there is a trend to bring hospital services to the patient rather than transporting patients to the services. Together these trends indicate that the patient room as a work environment needs to accommodate more individuals performing more tasks than ever before. Third, populations are getting larger, necessitating larger beds and larger furnishing for visitors. The primary goal of this application is to address the needs of the many different stakeholder groups working in patient rooms through a systems approach, largely driven by a participatory design process that will draw upon the expertise of a diverse, multi-disciplinary team of researchers and practitioners. Specifically, the aims of this application are to: (1) Identify, observe, and analyze work tasks that, due to patient room design parameters, ergonomically challenge the identified stakeholders (users); (2) Obtain consensus on the ergonomic challenges associated with patient room design and elicit stakeholder specific recommendations regarding ergonomic aspects of patient room design; (3) Identify patient room design parameters that impact the needs of patients and their visitors and family members, and elicit alterations in patient room design parameters that best support those needs; (4) Resolve conflicts between stakeholder groups with regard to patient room design parameters, thereby, allowing for a clear set of design parameter recommendations for patient rooms. In sum, our process will yield a set of guidelines that will be useable and accessible to designers, planners, hospital administrators, and others interested in patient room design and lay the groundwork for future evidence-based research related to healthcare facility design.