Role of decision aid desgin in single event decision making

自20世纪90年代初S以来，针对与健康相关的行为和决策的研究大幅增加。大量随机试验的结果表明，为预防和控制癌症而量身定做的沟通方式比一刀切的方法对行为和决策结果的影响更大。然而，直到最近，我们还很少了解为什么量身定做的沟通会影响行为，或者这些沟通的哪些组成部分是有效的。CECCR1的资助帮助我们组织了一个协调一致的跨学科努力，以打开健康传播干预的“黑匣子”，这导致确定了与健康行为变化和决策相关的广泛的心理社会和传播组成部分。我们还确定了重要的个体特征，这些特征可以缓和健康沟通信息的影响。其中几项研究的结果已经发表，并正在产生大量新的研究资金和新一代卫生传播调查人员。此外，CECCR1的结果也被美国和世界其他地区的医疗保健、雇主、药品和政府机构采用。CECCR2的总体目标是：(1)将我们的定制研究从预防领域扩展到更广泛的癌症护理连续体，包括早期发现、治疗和长期生存；(2)将我们的定制研究扩展到新的临床和治疗后环境；(3)加深我们对CECCR1中确定的关键心理社会和沟通部分的理解，包括动机、种族认同、风险感知和认知处理；(4)探索为共同决策量身定做患者偏好的方法；(5)开发新的社会和认知神经科学战略，以确定健康传播信息的即时影响和机制；(6)与科学家和研究机构发展新的跨学科合作；(7)培养新一代健康传播科学家和从业者；以及(8)传播我们研究工作的科学和实践成果。通过CECCR2研究编织了与以下方面有关的交叉兴趣：定制和相关的沟通渠道；通过更相关和更容易处理的内容接触到服务不足的人群；沟通效果的生理机制；以及设计、数据收集和测量的方法学问题。CECCR2涉及四个主要研究地点和网络，并与来自13个机构的34名研究调查人员合作。由于我们拟议的研究范围宏大，我们已经从其他来源获得了1000多万美元的配对资金，以帮助我们开展拟议的研究。

Research on tailoring for health-related behaviors and decision-making has increased dramatically since the early 1990's. Results from numerous randomized trials suggest that tailored communications for cancer prevention and control have a greater influence on behavioral and decision making outcomes than one-size-fits-all approaches. Until recently, however, we had little understanding of why tailored communications influenced behavior, or which components of these communications were effective. CECCR1 funding helped us to organize a concerted interdisciplinary effort to open the "black box" of health communications interventions, which led to identifying a broad array of psychosocial and communications components relevant to health behavior change and decision making. We also identified important individual characteristics that moderate the impact of health communications messages. Results from several of these studies have already been published, and are leading to significant new research funding and a new generation of health communications investigators. Moreover, CECCR1 results are also being adopted i health care, employer, pharmaceutical, and government settings of the U.S. and other parts of the world The overarching aims of CECCR2 are to: (1) Extend our tailoring research beyond the prevention area to the broader cancer care continuum, including early detection, treatment, and long-term survival; (2) Extend our tailoring research to new clinical and post-treatment settings; (3) Deepen our understanding of the key psychosocial and communications components identified in CECCR1, including motivation, ethnic identity, risk perception, and cognitive processing; (4) Explore methods of tailoring to patient preferences for shared decision making; (5) Develop new social and cognitive neuroscience strategies for identifying immediat impact and mechanisms of health communications messages; (6) Develop new interdisciplinary collaborations with scientists and research institutions; (7) Train a new generation of health communications scientists and practitioners; and (8) Disseminate both the scientific and practical results of our research efforts. Woven through CECCR2 research are crosscutting interests related to: tailoring and relevant communications channels; reaching underserved populations through more relevant and easier-to-proces content; physiological mechanisms of communication effect; and methodological issues of design, data collection, and measurement CECCR2 involves four primary research sites and networks, and collaborations with 34 research investigators from 13 institutions. Because of the ambitious scope of our proposed studies, we have obtained over $10 million in matched funding from other sources to help us carry out the proposed research.