Use of Exercise to Reduce Young Adult Marijuana Use There is an App for That

描述(由申请人提供)：目前，大麻(MJ)是最受欢迎的非法药物，流行率研究表明，年轻人中的使用有所增加(Johnston等人，2011年)。即便如此，几乎没有有效的干预措施来帮助MJ使用者减少他们的摄入量，以避免负面后果，包括MJ依赖。在这项修订后的申请中，我们建议进行第一阶段的疗效研究，以开发和初步测试一种创新的干预措施，以减少经常使用MJ的年轻人的MJ使用(每周3集)。该干预措施包括大麻检查的元素(MCU；Stephens等人，2007年)，这是一种基于MI的短暂干预措施，已显示出减少MJ使用的希望。它还纳入了我们正在进行的研究的结果，这些研究表明，锻炼/体力活动(PA)有可能成为MJ使用的积极替代品。我们的研究还表明，短时间(即10分钟)的中等或剧烈运动可以减少使用MJ的渴望/冲动。运动干预措施成功地减少了合法物质的使用，如烟草(例如，Marcus等人，2005年)和酒精(例如，Brown等人，2009年)，但尚未对MJ的使用进行充分的测试。这个R34应用程序的两个目标是：1)开发一种干预，包括四个60分钟的面对面会议，由MCU内容(例如，个性化反馈，MI)组成，以及一个智能手机应用程序(APP)，它促进锻炼/体力活动(EA)，作为MJ使用的替代方案。EA将专为吸引年轻人而设计，将提供一个易于访问、灵活和方便的平台，用于个性化信息和提醒，促进锻炼/PA作为日常生活中MJ使用的积极替代方案。2)进行为期4周的MCU+电针干预与单纯MCU对照的先导性/有效性研究。我们将使用URN随机化将新兴/年轻成年MJ用户(N=40)分配到这两种情况。在为期1周的基线、4周的干预阶段以及1、3和6个月的随访期间，所有参与者都将使用智能手机应用程序提供MJ相关变量的实时数据，并佩戴加速计提供PA数据。多水平模型将被用来检验我们的假设，即与仅使用MCU的对照相比，MCU+EA干预将在干预后和每次随访时在MJ使用的数量和频率(以及相关的MJ问题)方面产生更大的减少。多水平模型也将被用来探索实时数据，以检查变量，如对MJ的渴望/渴望，社会因素，以及PA的剂量在减少MJ的使用数量和频率方面的作用。这项第一阶段的研究在开发和使用智能手机应用程序方面是独特和创新的，以推广和评估运动/PA作为日常生活中使用MJ的积极替代方案。它包括用于实时评估的尖端技术(例如，加速计、智能手机应用程序)。这项研究将对运动/PA的有限知识做出重大贡献，将其作为减少新兴和年轻人MJ使用和相关问题的战略。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Currently, marijuana (MJ) is the most popular illicit drug, with prevalence studies indicating increasing use among young adults (Johnston et al., 2011). Even so, there are few effective interventions to help MJ users reduce their intake to avoid negative consequences, including MJ dependence. In this revised application, we propose a Stage 1 efficacy study to develop and initially test an innovative intervention to reduce MJ use among young adults who regularly use MJ (> 3 episodes/week). The intervention includes elements from the Marijuana Check-Up (MCU; Stephens et al., 2007), a MI-based brief intervention that has shown promise for reducing MJ use. It also incorporates findings from our ongoing research, which suggest that exercise/physical activity (PA) has potential as a positive alternative to MJ use. Our research also has shown that short (i.e., 10 minute) bouts of moderate or intense exercise reduce craving/urges to use MJ. Exercise interventions have successfully reduced use of licit substances, such as tobacco (e.g., Marcus et al., 2005) and alcohol (e.g., Brown et al., 2009), but have not been adequately tested for MJ use. The two aims of this R34 application are: 1) To develop an intervention that consists of four, 60-minute, in-person sessions composed of MCU content (e.g., personalized feedback, MI) as well as a smartphone application (app) that promotes exercise/physical activity (EA) as an alternative to MJ use. The EA, which will be designed to specifically appeal to young adults, will provide a readily-accessible, flexible, and convenient platform for personalized information and reminders that promote exercise/PA as a positive alternative to MJ use in ongoing daily life. 2) To conduct a pilot/efficacy study of the 4-week MCU+EA intervention vs. a MCU-only control condition. We will use urn randomization to assign emerging/young-adult MJ users (N = 40) to the two conditions. During the 1-week baseline, 4-week intervention phase, and 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-ups, all participants will use the smartphone app to provide real-time data on MJ-related variables and wear accelerometers to provide PA data. Multilevel modeling will be used to test our hypothesis that the MCU+EA intervention, compared to MCU-only control, will produce greater decreases in quantity and frequency of MJ use (and related MJ problems) at post-intervention and at each follow-up. Multilevel modeling also will be used to explore the real-time data to examine the role of variables such as urge/craving for MJ, social factors, and dosage of PA in the reduction of the quantity and frequency of MJ use. This Stage 1 study is unique and innovative in its development and use of a smartphone app to promote and evaluate exercise/PA as a positive alternative to MJ use in daily life. It includes cutting-edge technology (e.g., accelerometers, smartphone app) for real-time assessments. This research will make significant contributions to the limited knowledge of exercise/PA as a strategy for reducing MJ use and related problems among emerging and young adults.