Impulsive Decision Making Among Smokers: Effects of Exercise and Abstinence

描述(由申请人提供)：尼古丁戒断的特征是渴望增加、负面影响和认知功能下降(Hughes，2007)。也有证据表明，在吸烟者戒烟期间，冲动的决策会增加(Doran等人，2004年；field等人，2006年)。传统的戒烟疗法很大程度上是为了减弱尼古丁的有益效果，但成功率仍然很低(Fiore等人，2008年)。理想情况下，戒烟疗法应该减少尼古丁戒断的多个方面(Bickel等人，2007年)，包括渴望、情感和认知/注意力中断，以及冲动的决策。越来越多的证据表明，有氧运动可能为戒烟提供一种有效的治疗方法。在尼古丁剥夺期间，单次锻炼被发现持续减轻多种戒断症状(Taylor等人，2007年)，在更广泛的文献中，锻炼被证明可以提高认知功能(Tomporowski，2003年；Smith等人，2010年)。因此，这项拟议的研究的主要目的是确定单次有氧运动对尼古丁成瘾吸烟者冲动决策程度的影响。证明运动可以减少戒烟和冲动的决定将进一步证实它作为一种有效的戒烟治疗方法。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Nicotine withdrawal is characterized by increased cravings, negative affect and declines in cognitive functioning (Hughes, 2007). There is also evidence to suggest that impulsive decision making is increased during periods of nicotine abstinence among smokers (Doran et al., 2004; Field et al., 2006). Traditional therapies for smoking cessation have been largely designed to attenuate the rewarding effects of nicotine, but success rates remain low (Fiore et al., 2008). Ideally, smoking cessation therapies should attenuate multiple aspects of nicotine withdrawal (Bickel et al., 2007), including cravings, affective and cognitive/attentional disruptions, as well as impulsive decision making. There is growing evidence that aerobic exercise may provide an effective treatment for smoking cessation. During nicotine deprivation, single sessions of exercise have been found to consistently attenuate multiple symptoms of withdrawal (Taylor et al., 2007), and, in a broader literature, exercise has been shown to increase cognitive functioning (Tomporowski, 2003; Smith et al., 2010). Therefore, the main aim of the proposed research is to determine the effects of a single bout of aerobic exercise on the degree of impulsive decision making amongst nicotine addicted smokers. Demonstrating that exercise can attenuate withdrawal and impulsive decision making will further substantiate its use as an effective treatment for smoking cessation.