Emergence of Gender Inequitable Practice in Adolescence

说明(由申请人提供)：全球主要卫生组织认为，让男子和男孩预防暴力侵害妇女行为和改善两性健康状况是一项重要的公共卫生战略。越来越多的研究发现，男性不公平的态度和行为(性别不公平做法)与男性和女性的健康状况不佳有关。这一研究基础设施发展项目的重点是了解在青春期早期出现性别不平等做法的机制，以及如何改变围绕男子气概的文化规范。该项目之所以重要，是因为1)这是第一次研究从初中到高中的性别不平等做法的发展轨迹，以强调干预的关键时刻；2)需要对性别态度和行为采取与文化相关的、适合年龄的衡量标准，以评估针对性别的预防努力的有效性；以及3)迄今为止，经研究测试的青少年暴力预防方案中没有一项表明性别态度发生了重大变化，这表明需要进行这项研究，探讨是否以及如何在青春期修改性别不平等做法。第一，采用跨学科方法，将性别理论、青少年发展和社区合作研究结合起来，对青春期的性别不公平做法进行分析；第二，使用涉及青年的独特方法，为青春期的基本行为研究提供信息；第三，将利益相关者纳入针对性别的预防计划的现实主义知情审查。这个社区合作的项目建立在与宾夕法尼亚州一个经济和种族多元化的学区现有伙伴关系的基础上，并利用计划实施的一项针对性别的暴力预防计划，名为“将男孩培养成男性”(CBIM)。将使用概念图和视觉声音--参与性研究方法--来评估年轻男性和成年人如何思考和谈论男子气概(目标1)。社区合作伙伴将参与对针对性别的预防方案的“现实主义知情”的系统审查，以确定改变男子气概规范的战略(目标2)。最后，将修订性别不平等做法和相关行为的措施，并对参加CBIM的初中和高中男性运动员(N=150)进行可理解性、面子和结构效度的测试，以及对该计划针对青少年男性的实施情况的面对面观察(目标3)。这一社区合作的项目预计将转化为改进性别暴力预防和相关公共卫生项目中使用的时机、方法和措施，目标是改变围绕男子气概的文化规范。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Engaging men and boys to prevent violence against women and improve health outcomes for both sexes is recognized by major global health organizations as a critical public health strategy. A growing body of research has found that males' inequitable attitudes and behaviors (gender inequitable practice) are associated with poor health outcomes for males and females. This research Infrastructure development project focuses on understanding mechanisms for the emergence of gender inequitable practice in early adolescence and how to change cultural norms around masculinity. The project Is significant because 1) this Is the first study to examine the developmental trajectory of gender inequitable practice from middle to high school years to highlight critical junctures for intervention; 2) culturally relevant, age-appropriate measures for gender attitudes and behaviors are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of gender-specific prevention efforts; and 3) none of the research-tested violence prevention programs among adolescents to date have demonstrated significant changes In gender attitudes, pointing to the need for this study on whether and how gender inequitable practice may be modified during adolescence. Innovations are first, a trans-disciplinary approach, which combines gender theory, adolescent development, and community-partnered research to conduct an analysis of gender Inequitable practice in adolescence; second, the use of unique approaches Involving youth to inform basic behavioral research In adolescence; and third, inclusion of stakeholders In a realist-Informed review of gender-specific prevention programs. This community-partnered project builds on an existing partnership with an economically and ethnically diverse school district in Pennsylvania, and capitalizes on the planned Implementation of a gender-specific violence prevention program called "Coaching Boys Into Men" (CBIM). Concept Mapping and Visual Voices - participatory research methods - will be used to assess how young males and adults think and talk about masculinity (Aim 1). Community partners will participate in a 'realist-Informed' systematic review of gender-specific prevention programs to Identify strategies for changing masculinity norms (Aim 2). Finally, measures for gender-inequitable practice and associated behaviors will be revised and tested for understandability, face and construct validity with middle and high school male athletes participating In CBIM (N=150) along with in-person observations of the delivery of this program targeting adolescent males (Aim 3). This community-partnered project is expected to translate into improving the timing, approach, and measures utilized In gender violence prevention and related public health programs with the goal of changing cultural norms around masculinity.