Motivating Recruitment and Efficacy in Normative Feedback Interventions

描述(由申请者提供)：目前的申请旨在评估与大量饮酒大学生招募相关的激励因素以及计算机提供的简短干预措施的有效性。与其他成年人相比，大学生酗酒的风险更高，开发有效的干预方法是NIAAA的当务之急。在过去的几年里，经验证据表明，基于计算机的个性化规范反馈(PNF)干预支持纠正对饮酒的规范性误解，从而减少饮酒行为。两个在很大程度上仍未得到解决的具体问题包括：基于计算机的干预措施的有效性是否取决于完成干预措施的地点，以及在干预试验中平衡招聘与动机偏见的最佳激励结构。对几项研究结果的初步比较表明，远程PNF干预可能不如实验室内PNF干预有效。然而，证据并不确凿，因为没有研究提供同一研究中基于随机分配的分娩方法之间的直接比较。本研究采用2×2×2重复测量设计，随机抽取240名重度饮酒大学生作为研究对象。参与者将被随机分配到实验室内PNF、远程PNF、实验室内注意力控制或远程注意力控制。参与者还将被随机分配到没有奖励(0美元)或奖励(30美元)的参与。评估将包括基线、干预后、3个月和6个月的随访。大学生的动机取向、激励措施和典型饮酒方式有望缓和不同分娩方式的差异。我们预计，因参与干预研究而受到激励的学生将更有可能参与，但不太可能减少饮酒，因为他们更有可能将自己的参与归因于外部动机。此外，在没有激励的情况下，在实验室接受基于计算机的PNF的学生预计会表现出最大的饮酒量减少。相比之下，为了激励而远程实施注意力控制反馈的学生(30美元)预计饮酒减少的幅度最小。干预的感知价值、干预内容的保留和对参与的归因预期会调节实验室内和远程交付的激励效果和不同的功效。这项研究有望为基于反馈的干预策略带来理论和实践上的改进，可能会以更坚实的理论基础和更低的成本减少饮酒和相关的负面后果。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The current application proposes to evaluate motivational factors associated with recruitment into and efficacy of brief computer-delivered interventions for heavy drinking college students. College students are at increased risk for alcohol misuse compared to other adults, and development of efficacious intervention approaches is an urgent priority for NIAAA. Over the past several years empirical evidence has demonstrated support for computer-based personalized normative feedback (PNF) interventions which correct normative misperceptions of drinking and thereby reduce drinking behavior. Two specific questions which have remained largely unaddressed include whether the effectiveness of computer-based interventions depends on the location in which they are completed, and what is the optimal incentive structure to balance recruitment with motivational biases in intervention trials. A preliminary comparison of findings across several studies suggests that remote PNF interventions may be less effective than in-lab PNF interventions. However, the evidence is not conclusive because no study provides a direct comparison between delivery methods based on random assignment within the same study. This R21 proposes to recruit two cohorts of 240 heavy drinking college students and randomly assign them to a 2 x 2 x 2 repeated measures design. Participants will be randomly assigned to in-lab PNF, remote PNF, in-lab attention control, or remote attention control. Participants will also be randomly assigned to receive no incentive ($0) or an incentive ($30) for participation. Assessments will include baseline, post- intervention, 3-month, and 6-month follow-ups. College students' motivational orientations, incentives, and typical drinking are expected to moderate differences between delivery methods. We expect that students who receive incentives for participating in intervention studies will be more likely to participate, but less likely to reduce drinking because they will be more likely to attribute their participation to extrinsic motivation. Further, students who receive computer-based PNF in the laboratory for no incentive are expected to exhibit the largest reductions in drinking. In contrast, students administered attention-control feedback remotely for an incentive ($30) is expected to exhibit the smallest reductions in drinking. Perceived value of intervention, retention of intervention content, and attribution for participation are expected to mediate incentive effects and differential efficacy of in-lab versus remote delivery. This research is expected to yield theoretical and practical improvements to feedback-based intervention strategies with potential to reduce drinking and related negative consequences with a stronger theoretical basis and at lower cost than have been previously available.