Motivating Type O- Blood Donors to Return

描述（由申请人提供）：首次献血者提供了所有献血的30.9%。不幸的是，只有不到一半的新捐赠者返回提供第二次捐赠，只有不到8%的人成为承诺捐赠者。因此，国家的血液供应高度依赖于首次献血者，他们必须不断更换，因为他们通常不会返回。除了巨大的持续招募成本外，未能留住首次献血者对健康有重要影响，因为重复献血者不太可能因健康状况不佳而被推迟献血，也不太可能传播艾滋病毒、B型肝炎和丙型肝炎等感染。因此，目前的提案开发了一种有前途的新方法来保留供体，并专门测试了其在首次O型Rh阴性（O-）供体中的疗效，这些供体的红细胞对输血需求很大，但往往供不应求。 本研究旨在探讨捐赠后动机访谈和实施意向干预对提高捐赠者保留率的作用。我们已经开发和试点测试的动机访谈（MI），旨在灵活地解决个人的障碍和威慑捐助者保留。我们将使用计划行为理论（态度，主观规范，感知行为控制和意图）描述的捐赠行为的关键预测因素来探索MI的作用机制。我们还将研究MI的影响，并没有增加一个实施意图（II）的干预，一种形式的行动计划，已被证明可以提高行为后续通过那些谁表示打算从事各种各样的健康促进行为，包括献血。我们的主要结局指标是在一年随访期内的献血尝试。其他的结果测量将包括捐赠态度，感知行为控制和捐赠意图。我们的主要假设是，接受MI或II的首次O-供体在下一年的捐赠尝试次数将多于对照供体，并且接受MI+II的供体将具有最高的留存率。接受MI或MI+II的捐赠者与II和对照捐赠者相比，捐赠态度和感知行为控制也将表现出更大的增加，这将有助于增强捐赠意愿和尝试。最后，与对照组和MI单独相比，接受II或MI+II的供体将显示出他们再次捐献的意图与他们的行为之间更强的对应关系。 这个项目是重要的，创新的，及时的，因为它（a）进一步开发了一种新的方法，直接解决个人捐助者的障碍，（B）目标保留努力，以加强供应和改善急需的O型血的安全性，（c）检查具体的，理论驱动的机制，（d）纳入行动计划，以弥合捐赠意愿和行为之间的差距。这项研究将通过开发一种干预措施产生重要的公共卫生影响，该干预措施可以灵活地针对供体保留工作，以鼓励根据当地、地区和国家患者需求收集特定的血液制品。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): First-time donors provide 30.9% of all blood donations. Unfortunately, less than half of new donors return to provide a second donation and fewer than 8% become committed donors. As a result, the nation's blood supply is highly reliant on first-time donors who must constantly be replaced because they typically fail to return. In addition to enormous ongoing recruitment costs, failure to retain first-time donors has important health implications, as repeat blood donors are less likely to be deferred for poor health and to transmit infections such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. Accordingly, the current proposal develops a promising new approach to donor retention, and specifically tests its efficacy among first-time, Group O, Rh negative (O-) donors whose red blood cells are in great demand for transfusion but are often in short supply. The current study examines the ability of a post-donation motivational interview and implementation intention intervention to enhance retention of O- donors. We have developed and pilot-tested a motivational interview (MI) designed to flexibly address individual barriers and deterrents to donor retention. We will explore the mechanisms of action of MI using key predictors of donation behavior as described by the Theory of Planned Behavior (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention). We will also examine the effect of MI with and without the addition of an implementation intention (II) intervention, a form of action planning that has been shown to enhance behavioral follow-through among those who express an intention to engage in a wide variety of health-promoting behaviors, including blood donation. Our primary outcome measure will be donation attempts in the one-year follow-up period. Additional outcome measures will include donation attitude, perceived behavioral control, and donation intention. Our primary hypothesis is that first-time O- donors who receive MI or II will have more donation attempts than control donors in the next year, and that donors who receive MI+II will have the highest retention rate. Donors who receive MI or MI+II will also demonstrate larger increases in donation attitude and perceived behavioral control compared to II and control donors, which will contribute to enhanced donation intentions and attempts. Finally, compared to controls and MI alone, donors who receive II or MI+II will show a stronger correspondence between their intention to donate again and their behavior. This project is significant, innovative, and timely because it (a) further develops a novel approach to donor retention that directly addresses individual donor barriers, (b) targets retention efforts to enhance the supply and improve the safety of much-needed O- blood, (c) examines specific, theory-driven mechanisms, and (d) incorporates action planning to bridge the gap between donation intention and behavior. This study will have an important public health impact by developing an intervention that can flexibly target donor retention efforts to encourage collection of specific blood products based on local, regional, and national patient needs.