INTERDISCIPLINARY PROGRAM IN BACTERIAL PATHOGENESIS

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管在公共卫生和医学治疗方面取得了进展，但传染病仍然是全球发病率和死亡率的主要原因，由于诸如新出现的病原体、艾滋病或其他免疫损害状况以及抗微生物剂耐药性等因素，即使在发达国家，传染病也造成了相当大的经济和社会损失。1980年至1992年，美国传染病（不包括艾滋病毒/艾滋病）的死亡率上升了22%。传染病目前是美国的第三大死亡原因，也是世界范围内的主要原因。常见的细菌病原体，如沙门氏菌和结核分枝杆菌，每年继续导致数百万人死亡，而其他病原体，如大肠杆菌0157：H7和社区获得性耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌已成为新的威胁。最近的生物恐怖主义幽灵只会加剧人们的关切，即需要更好地了解感染的发病机理。培养能够阐明微生物发病机制的新科学家，对于制定预防、诊断和治疗传染病的改进战略至关重要。这一申请重新支持细菌发病机制中心的培训计划，围绕一个建立和高度互动的跨学科研究社区和华盛顿大学。该计划的目标是为寻求了解细菌病原体与宿主之间相互作用的基本细胞和分子机制的博士前和博士后学员提供全面的跨学科培训和指导。这种培训最终将使他们能够获得新的科学见解，作为独立的调查人员，可以导致预防和管理传染病的新方法。相关性（参见说明）：这是一个为研究伤寒和肺结核等细菌感染的科学家提供研究培训的项目。增加对这些情况的了解对于制定预防和治疗人类感染的改进战略至关重要。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Despite advances in public health and medical therapeutics, infectious diseases continue to represent the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide which extracts a considerable financial and societal toll even in developed countries due to factors such as emerging pathogens, AIDS or other immunocompromising conditions, and antimicrobial resistance. Between 1980 and 1992, the U.S. death rate from infectious diseases, excluding HIV/AIDS, rose by 22%. Infectious diseases are presently the third leading cause of death in the U.S. and the leading cause worldwide. Familiar bacterial pathogens such as Salmonella and Mycobacterium tuberculosis continue to contribute to the deaths of millions of people each year, while other pathogens such as Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and community-acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus have emerged as new threats. The recent specter of bioterrorism has only served to heighten concern that a better understanding of the pathogenesis of infection is needed. The training of new scientists who can elucidate basic mechanisms of microbial pathogenesis will be critical for the formulation of improved strategies to prevent, diagnose and treat infectious diseases. This application for renewed support of a Training Program in Bacterial Pathogenesis centers around an established and highly interactive interdisciplinary research community and the University of Washington. The goal of the program is to provide comprehensive interdisciplinary training and mentorship for pre- and post-doctoral trainees who seek to understand fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms of the interactions between bacterial pathogens and their hosts. This training will ultimately allow them to obtain new scientific insights as independent investigators that can lead to novel approaches for the prevention and management of infectious diseases. RELEVANCE (See instructions): This is a program to provide research training to scientists who study bacterial infections such as typhoid and tuberculosis. An increased understanding of these conditions will be essential for the development of improved strategies for the prevention and treatment of human infections.