Molecular Ecology of Neotropical Anophelines in the Peruvian and Brazilian Amazon

项目总结(见说明)： 在限制、修改或消灭按蚊种群的持续努力中，按蚊媒介在疟疾传播中的重要性是显而易见的。在我们的流行病学多样化研究地点(秘鲁、巴西)，我们将重点研究最亲人的新热带疟疾媒介达林伊按蚊的分子生态学，并确定我们的初步数据表明重要的其他地方/地区媒介。我们假设，在秘鲁东南部的马尔多纳多港的采矿点，以及在新的农业定居点雷曼西尼奥和阿克兰迪亚，随着森林砍伐的增加，气候变化的重要性也会增加。戴林吉在变速器和维护方面。除伊基托斯-瑙塔HW沿线外，以前没有仔细监测这一情况，我们预计将提供我们将工作的每个地方的最新风险评估。使用标准钥匙识别成年雌性蚊子是有问题的，已经在当地范围内对伊蚊进行了PCR-ITS2-RFLP检测。我们将扩大这些检测范围，以包括我们在秘鲁东南部和阿克里兰迪亚的研究地点。准确的物种识别将提供有关物种组成随时间变化的信息，这也可能改变传播风险。使用我们手中的微卫星标记(对于一个。达林吉)或将开发(用于其他当地/地区媒介)，我们将测试基因、种群结构的变化和扩张的证据，特别是在修改最严重的地点(采矿、农业)。一种。Darlingi正在分化成我们检测到的带有核白色基因的北方和南方血统。我们建立了一种诊断的PCR-RFLP方法来检测AN。因为遗传分化可能意味着媒介能力、生态或行为的差异。随着蚊帐或蚊帐变得更容易被接受，在某些情况下，蚊帐本身可能会引起媒介物种叮咬时间的行为变化，而蚊帐可以影响蚊子对杀虫剂的抗药性水平。我们将监测最高咬合率、咬合率、抗药性以及遗传多样性和有效种群数量的变化，为评估提供基线数据，这些数据目前在亚马逊大部分地区无法获得。我们将使用一种新开发的蚊子捕集器，以降低收集者的风险。

PROJECT SUMMARY (See instructions): The importance ofthe Anopheles vector in malaria transmission is evident in the continued efforts to limit, modify, or eliminate populations of anophelines. In our epidemiologically diverse study sites (Peru, Brazil) we will focus on the molecular ecology ofthe most anthropophilic Neotropical malaria vector, Anopheles darlingi, and, identify additional local/regional vectors that our preliminary data suggest are important. We hypothesize that in the mining sites aroimd Puerto Maldonado in SE Peru, and in the new agricultural settlement, Remansinho, Acrelandia, as deforestation increases, so will the importance of An. darlingi in transmission and maintenance. This has not previously been carefully monitored, except along the Iquitos-Nauta HW, and we anticipate providing up-to-date risk assessment of each ofthe localities where we will work. The identification of adult female mosquitoes using standard keys is problematic, and PCR-ITS2-RFLP assays have been implemented on a local scale aroimd Iquitos. We will expand these assays to include our study sites in SE Peru and Acrelandia. Accurate species identification will provide information on changes in species composition over time, which also might alter risk of transmission. Using microsatellite markers that we have in hand (for An. darlingi) or will develop (for other local/regional vectors) we will test for changes in genotype, population structure and evidence of expansion, particularly in the most modified sites (mining, agriculture). An. darlingi is diverging into northem and southem lineages that we detected with the nuclear white gene. We developed a diagnostic PCR-RFLP assay to survey An. darlngi to determine the lineage distributions, because genetic differentiation could signify differences in vector competence, ecology or behavior. As bednets or ITNs become more acceptable, in some situations nets alone may provoke a behavioral change in the biting times of vector species, and the ITNs can influence levels of mosquito insecticide resistance. We will monitor peak biting times, biting rate, insecticide resistance, and changes in genetic diversity and effective population size to provide baseline data for evaluation, data that are currently unavailable in most ofthe Amazon. We will use a newly developed mosquito trap that reduces risk to collectors.