Project 2: Exposure Disparities Related to Resident Behavior and Housing Characteristics

项目摘要 虽然已知环境健康差异与周围环境中的邻里规模梯度有关， 暴露，住房属性和家庭活动可以进一步区分暴露沿着显着内- 邻里社会经济梯度。重要的是，住房因素不仅可以改变个人暴露， 但也可能是对健康有独立影响的直接压力源。尽管它们在决定 个人暴露于化学和非化学应激源，家庭一级的因素很少被纳入 在流行病学研究或风险分析中，留下了环境健康评估的重要空白 差距。该项目的目标是开发和实施创新方法， 家庭间暴露差异的估计数。我们将确定关键的决定因素（活动 模式、温度、源使用、环境污染物浓度和空气交换率） 暴露于化学应激源（例如，PM2.5、超细颗粒物、NO2）在小空间尺度内， 描述暴露差异的驱动因素，并直接告知未来家庭减缓目标 水平此外，我们将描述非化学应激源（噪音、热舒适度）的变化， 了解这些关键的修正因素及其社会人口和结构预测因素的分布。我们将 集中我们的密集接触监测研究的200个家庭在中心的两个目标社区， 切尔西和多切斯特，马萨诸塞州。我们的目标是确定居民的行为和住房 特征影响室内-室外化学应激源，噪音和热舒适的协会在我们的 研究人群，考虑到通过详细的个人活动可以预测关联的程度 数据、更一般的问卷信息和公开的地理空间协变量。最后，我们将使用 以社区为基础的众包办法，以评估住房和住户特点， 预测切尔西每个住宅通风特性的季节性决定因素， 多切斯特项目2将与社区伙伴密切合作， 通过社区参与核心的外联/传播过程，加强 这项研究及其改善公众健康的潜力。这些目标与本中心的目标有直接联系。 项目1和项目3下的活动。我们的研究结果将直接有助于暴露差异分析， 累积风险评估应用于项目3，并将有助于发展与住房有关的 在项目1的流行病学研究中检验的协变量。我们还将能够识别干预 最有可能减少那些经历差异的人的室内暴露的目标 在家中暴露于化学和非化学应激源。

PROJECT SUMMARY While environmental health disparities are known to be related to neighborhood-scale gradients in ambient exposures, housing attributes and in-home activities can further differentiate exposures along significant within- neighborhood socioeconomic gradients. Importantly, housing factors may not only modify personal exposures, but may also be a direct stressor with independent effects on health. Despite their importance in determining personal exposures to chemical and non-chemical stressors, household-level factors are rarely incorporated into epidemiological studies or risk analyses, leaving an important gap in evaluations of environmental health disparities. The goal for this project is to develop and implement innovative methods to provide improved estimates for between-household variability in exposures. We will identify the key determinants (among activity patterns, temperature, source usage, ambient pollutant concentrations, and air exchange rates) of indoor exposure to chemical stressors (e.g., PM2.5, ultrafine particles, NO2) within small spatial scales, to best characterize drivers of exposure disparities and to directly inform targets for future mitigation at the household level. In addition, we will characterize variability in non-chemical stressors (noise, thermal comfort) to understand the distribution of these key modifiers and their sociodemographic and structural predictors. We will focus our intensive exposure monitoring study on 200 homes in the Center‟s two target communities of Chelsea and Dorchester, Massachusetts. We aim to determine how resident behavior and housing characteristics affect indoor-outdoor associations of chemical stressors, noise, and thermal comfort in our study population, considering the extent to which associations can be predicted by detailed individual activity data, more general questionnaire information, and publicly-available geospatial covariates. Finally, we will use community-based crowdsourcing approaches to assess housing and household characteristics to develop season-specific determinants that predict ventilation characteristics for every residence in Chelsea and Dorchester. Project 2 will involve close collaboration with community partners in the research and outreach/dissemination process through the Community Engagement Core, strengthening both the quality of the research and its potential to improve public health. These goals have direct linkages to the Center‟s activities under Projects 1 and 3. Our results will contribute directly to the exposure disparities analyses and cumulative risk assessment applications in Project 3, and will help in the development of housing-related covariates to be tested in epidemiological studies within Project 1. We will also be able to identify intervention targets that have the greatest potential to reduce indoor exposures for those experiencing differential exposures to chemical and non-chemical stressors at home.