Fragmented & Unpredictable Prenatal Environment in Humans; Nature & Outcomes

健康结果和疾病风险的很大一部分变化可归因于发育 在胎儿生命过程中的各种环境影响的反应过程。然而， 暴露和早期环境信号影响终身认知和 情感结果是未知的。最近在啮齿动物中的发现（项目1）表明， 母亲信号的碎片模式深刻地影响着情感和认知结果， 青春期在人类中，我们发现了母亲参数影响的强有力证据，包括 焦虑和抑郁对胎儿、婴儿和儿童神经行为结果的影响。以建设性的 评论家的评论，并得到我们强有力的新数据的支持，我们提出了新的检查， 胎儿期母体情绪状态和显著生理信号模式的影响 对日后情绪和认知脆弱性的影响 为了有力地支持母体信号碎片化对结局的作用，我们的前瞻性研究[3] 揭示了一项新的发现，即12个月大的婴儿的智力发育， 产前和产后暴露于母亲的情绪状态是一致的，即使这些母亲的状态 是抑郁的。产前和产后母亲情绪状态的不一致性与 婴儿认知结果受损。. 在经修订的中心办法内，项目2将与项目3、4和 计算核心1）测试胎儿暴露于支离破碎的母亲情绪状态的假设 在婴儿期和（项目3，4）以后的生活中增加认知和情感缺陷的脆弱性。 (2)在评审员的指导下，我们将正式测试胎儿是否暴露于母体心脏的碎片模式， 心跳是一个显著的信号，它增加了婴儿期认知和情感缺陷的脆弱性。（三）、 检验产前和产后母亲情绪状态之间的不一致性会增加的假设 1岁儿童认知和情感缺陷的脆弱性。(4)检验胎儿 对分裂和不可预测性的脆弱性取决于性别。 全面修订的项目2将重点关注母体信号的几个有效措施， 探索创新，并与修订后的中心的其他项目和核心相结合。开发 从胎儿到青春期的人类队列的独特资源，该项目将有助于 这对严格评估胎儿期感觉信号的碎片模式的作用具有重要意义 关于青少年情感和认知脆弱性

A significant proportion of variation in health outcomes and disease risk is attributable to developmental processes during fetal life in response to a variety of environmental influences. However, the precise nature of the exposure and the mechanisms by which early environmental signals influence life-long cognitive and emotional outcomes are unknown. Recent findings in rodents (Project 1) indicate that exposure to fragmented patterns of maternal signals profoundly influence emotional and cognitive outcomes already in adolescence. In the human, we have found strong evidence for the effect of maternal parameters, including anxiety and depression, on fetal, infant and child neurobehavioral outcome. Guided by the constructive comments of the Reviewers and supported by our strong new data, we propose the novel examination of the influence of fragmented maternal emotional states and patterns of salient physiological signals during fetal life on later emotional and cognitive vulnerabilities. In strong support of a role for fragmentation of maternal signal on outcome, our prospective study [3] uncovered the novel finding that mental development of 12 month old infants is enhanced when their prenatal and postnatal exposure to maternal emotional states are consistent, even if these maternal states are depressive. Fragmented / inconsistent pre-and postnatal maternal emotional states were associated with impaired infant cognitive outcome. . Within the revised Center approach, Project 2 will interact closely with Projects 3,4 and the Computational core to 1) Test the hypothesis that fetal exposure to fragmented maternal emotional states increases vulnerabilities to cognitive and emotional deficits during infancy and (with Projects 3,4), later in life. (2) Guided by the reviewers, we will formally test if fetal exposure to fragmented patterns of maternal heart beats is a salient signal that increases vulnerabilities to cognitive and emotional deficits during infancy. (3) Test the hypothesis that inconsistency between pre- and postnatal maternal emotional states will increase the vulnerability to cognitive and emotional deficits in 1 year-old children. (4) Test the hypothesis that fetal vulnerability to fragmentation and unpredictability is sex-dependent. The comprehensively revised Project 2 will focus on several validated measures of maternal signals, explore innovative ones, arid integrate with the other projects and Cores of the revised Center. Exploiting the unique resource of a human cohort followed from fetal life to adolescence, the Project will contribute significantly to the rigorous evaluation of the role of fragmented patterns of sensory signals during fetal life on adolescent emotional and cognitive vulnerabilities