Experimental Test of Facebook Social Drinking Norms on Adolescent Alcohol Use

 描述(由申请人提供)：这项拟议的研究将是第一项专注于在Facebook上实验性地操纵禁酒令和描述性规范的研究，以阐明酒精和Facebook上戒酒者展示以及随后的酒精认知、使用和相关负面后果之间的关系。基于关注青少年适合发展的健康模式的文献，原型意愿模型(PWM)假设，当个体已经形成从事危险行为的意图(这些意图随态度和感知的强制规范的函数而变化)或通过参与风险的意愿(其随感知的负面后果的易感性、感知的描述性规范和原型的函数而变化)时，健康危险行为就会发生。为了完全理解Facebook上戒酒展示之间的关系，我们将研究1)描述性和禁令戒酒者与用户规范的作用，当用Facebook个人资料进行实验性操纵时，对青少年(15-20岁)的意愿和意图、随后的饮酒及相关负面后果的影响；2)意图和意愿是否调节了我们的实验性操纵与随后的饮酒及负面后果之间的关系；3)社会影响力的个体差异是否缓和了实验性操纵对意图、意愿、饮酒及负面后果的影响。我们将通过招募居住在大西雅图大都市区的青少年(N=300)的社区样本来测试这些目标。参与者将完成一项基于网络的基线评估，并参与一项面对面的实验操作，在这项操作中，他们要么被指派查看戒酒者、戒酒者+使用者的同性Facebook个人资料，要么被分配到既不提供使用者信息也不提供戒酒者信息的对照条件下。在操作之后，参与者将立即回答一系列关于他们刚刚查看的个人资料和他们与酒精相关的认知的问题。参与者还将完成为期一个月的面对面跟踪评估，以测试对意图、意愿、饮酒和相关负面后果的影响。此外，社会影响力的个体差异将被视为SNS所描绘的规范与我们的主要结果之间关系的可能调节因素。这项拟议的研究既有意义又有创新，因为它使用了一个理论视角来实验测试酒精含量，特别是戒酒规范对青少年酒精使用和相关认知的影响。这一结果有可能为预防性干预提供信息，同时解决NIH的优先事项。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed research will be the first study to focus on experimentally manipulating both injunctive and descriptive norms on Facebook in order to elucidate the relationship between alcohol and abstainer displays on Facebook and subsequent alcohol cognitions, use, and related negative consequences. Based on literature focusing on developmentally appropriate health models for adolescents, the Prototype Willingness Model (PWM) assumes that health-risk behaviors occur either when individuals have developed intentions to engage in a risk behavior (and these intentions vary as a function of attitudes and perceived injunctive norms) or through willingness to engage in risks (which varies as a function of perceived vulnerability to negative consequences, perceived descriptive norms, and prototypes). To fully understand the relationships between alcohol abstaining displays on Facebook, we will examine 1) the role of descriptive and injunctive abstainer and user norms, when experimentally manipulated with Facebook profiles, on willingness and intentions, subsequent alcohol use and related negative consequences among adolescents (age 15-20) 2) whether intentions and willingness mediate the relation between our experimental manipulation and subsequent alcohol use and negative consequences and whether 3) individual differences in social influence moderate the effect of the experimental manipulation on intentions, willingness, alcohol use, and negative consequences. We will test these aims by recruiting a community sample of adolescents (N = 300), living in the greater Seattle metropolitan area. Participants will complete a web-based baseline assessment and participate in an in-person experimental manipulation in which they are either assigned to see same-sex Facebook profiles of alcohol abstainers, abstainers +users, or a control condition where neither user or abstainer information will be provided. Immediately after the manipulation, participants will answers a series of questions about the profiles they just viewed and their alcohol-related cognitions. Participants will also complete a one-month in person follow up assessment to test for impacts on intentions, willingness, alcohol use, and related negative consequences. Additionally, individual differences in social influence will be examined as possible moderators of the relationship between SNS-portrayed norms and our primary outcomes. The proposed study is both significant and innovative in that it uses a theoretical perspective to experimentally test th impact of alcohol content, in particular abstainer norms, on Facebook on adolescent alcohol use and related cognitions. The results have the potential to inform preventative interventions while addressing NIH priorities.