Course and Prediction of Sexual Perpetration in Adolescence through Young Adulthood

2014年，性暴力受害者超过28万人，是代价最高的犯罪之一，仅次于 凶杀案。鉴于在青春期普遍缺乏对性暴力犯罪的研究，也就不足为奇了 已知性行为和性别少数(SGM)青年(例如，那些认为自己是女同性恋者， 同性恋，或双性恋；或变性人)。 GUWM是唯一一项旨在研究#年性暴力出现情况的全国性青少年纵向调查 青春期。这项研究始于2006年，旨在考察接触暴力媒体之间的长期联系 以及随后在1,600对儿童照顾者中表现出的暴力行为。在2010年，当 青少年队列年龄在14-17岁之间，这项研究被重新资助，以检验性暴力的出现 青春期的行为。这项研究最近再次获得资助(R01 HD083072)，以继续 现有队伍进入青春期后期(即20-25岁)，并招募新的青年队伍14- 给15岁的孩子和他们的照顾者，跟踪他们度过最危险的年龄。 自第四波以来，GuwM青年的性认同和性别少数认同一直受到质疑。 提示SGM青少年的SV发生率高于非SGM青少年。显然，理解如何 SGM和非SGM青年的SV出现相似和不同之处对于促进SGM的发展至关重要 包容性的，以及以SGM为中心的预防方案。为了进行全动力的全面 分析表明，我们需要用SGM青年的超额样本来补充资助的队列。 为此，我们建议招募和调查850名中学毕业生。为了吸引这些难以接触到的人口，我们将 使用Facebook招聘策略。这些定量数据将通过以下定性采访得到加强 年轻人的一个次要样本。我们的具体目标如下： 具体目标1：探讨不同疾病的发病和并存的发展进程 SGM青年的性交类型。 具体目标2：了解可能有助于解释犯罪行为差异的背景因素 在SGM青年中的比率。使用少数人压力模型作为指导，我们将检查一般应激源，远端 少数族裔应激源，以及最近的少数族裔应激源，以确定它们如何与比率相关联。 具体目标3：阐明影响SV出现的预测因素在 SGM对于非SGM青年来说既相似又不同。 具体目标3a。使用少数群体压力模型作为指导，我们将检查一般和远端 少数族裔压力源，以确定这些因素如何影响SGM与非SGM青年的比率。 具体目标3b。我们将对60名有目的地抽样的SGM进行一对一的定性访谈 和非SGM青年，说明少数族裔压力如何帮助解释SGM青年中高比率的原因。

With more than 280,000 victims in 2014, sexual violence (SV) is one of the most costly crimes, second only to homicides. Given the general lack of SV perpetration research in adolescence, it is unsurprising that little is known about perpetration among sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth (e.g., those who identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual; or transgender). GuwM is the only national longitudinal survey of youth designed to study the emergence of sexual violence in adolescence. The study began in 2006 to examine the long-term linkages between exposure to violent media and the subsequent expression of violent behaviors among 1,600 child-caregiver pairs. In 2010, when the youth cohort was 14-17 years of age, the study was re-funded to examine the emergence of sexually violent behavior in adolescence. The study was recently funded again (R01 HD083072) to continue following the existing cohort into later adolescence (i.e., 20-25 years of age) as well as to recruit a new cohort of youth 14- to 15-year-olds and their caregivers to follow them through their greatest age at risk. Sexual and gender minority identity have been queried of GuwM youth since Wave 4. Preliminary findings suggest that rates of SV are higher for SGM youth compared to non-SGM youth. Clearly, understanding how SV emerges similarly and differently for SGM and non-SGM youth is critical to inform the development of inclusive, as well as SGM-centered, prevention programs. In order to conduct fully powered comprehensive analyses, we need to supplement the funded cohorts with an oversample of SGM youth. To this end, we propose to recruit and survey 850 SGM youth. To engage this hard-to-reach population, we will use Facebook recruitment strategies. These quantitative data will be enhanced with qualitative interviews with a sub-sample of youth. Our specific aims are as follows: Specific Aim 1: To investigate the developmental progression of onset and co-occurrence of different types of SV perpetration among SGM youth. Specific Aim 2: To understand the contextual factors that may help explain differences in perpetration rates among SGM youth. Using the Minority Stress Model as a guide, we will examine general stressors, distal minority stressors, and proximal minority stressors to determine how they contextualize rates. Specific Aim 3: To illuminate how influential predictors that contextualize the emergence of SV among SGM are similar and different for non-SGM youth. Specific Aim 3a. Using the Minority Stress Model as a guide, we will examine general and distal minority stressors to determine how these factors contextualize rates for SGM versus non-SGM youth. Specific Aim 3b. We will conduct one-on-one qualitative interviews with 60 purposefully sampled SGM and non-SGM youth to illuminate how minority stress helps explain elevated rates among SGM youth.