Long-term health effects of low-carbohydrate diets in obese subjects with the metabolic syndrome

在澳大利亚和整个发达国家，肥胖症及其相关的生理和心理共病的患病率正在急剧增加。管理公共卫生机构建议改变生活方式的能量限制结合增加身体活动来治疗肥胖症。为了响应对肥胖水平上升的日益关注，在健康饮食的医学和营养建议之外开发了大量时尚饮食，并且随之严重限制碳水化合物的饮食方案（例如阿特金斯博士饮食）越来越受欢迎。但是，尽管全球每年有数百万人采用低碳水化合物产品，并将一系列低碳水化合物产品投放到食品市场，但低碳水化合物饮食的长期有效性和安全性，包括其对心血管疾病风险因素的影响，糖尿病，癌症，肾功能，骨骼健康，心理社会功能和同时进行身体活动和日常生活活动的能力。因此，缺乏关于这些饮食习惯的循证公共卫生建议和政策。在本项目中，我们将比较长期营养充足性和极低碳水化合物减肥饮食与传统高碳水化合物低脂减肥饮食对心血管健康的影响，运动耐量，情绪状态，骨骼健康，肾功能，肠道健康和癌症风险肥胖人群心血管疾病的危险因素，以制定适当的公共卫生指南，为肥胖患者提供咨询。

The prevalence of obesity and its associated physiological and psychological comorbidities is increasing dramatically in Australia and throughout the developed world. Governing public health bodies recommend lifestyle changes of energy restriction combined with increasing physical activity for the treatment of obesity. In response to the increasing concerns about the rising level of obesity, there has been a multitude of fad diets developed outside the medical and nutritional recommendations for healthy eating and with this an increased popularity of dietary regimens with severe restriction of carbohydrate, such as the Dr. Atkins diet. But although adopted by millions worldwide yearly and the release of a range of low-carbohydrate products into the food market, there is minimal scientific evidence available for the long-term efficacy and safety of low-carbohydrate diets, including their impact on risk factors for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, kidney function, bone health, psychosocial function and the capacity to undertake concurrent physical activity and daily living activities. Consequently, there is a lack of evidenced-based public health recommendations and policy regarding these dietary practices. In this project we will compare the long-term nutritional adequacy and effects of a very low-carbohydrate, weight loss diet to a conventional high-carbohydrate, low fat weight loss diet on cardiovascular health, exercise tolerance, mood state, bone health, renal function, bowel health and cancer risk in obese people with risk factors for cardiovascular disease in order to develop appropriate public health guidelines to counsel obese patients.