X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) pp.711-759

同步辐射（SR）是一种非常明亮和可调的X射线源， 结构分子生物学（SMB）的前沿研究。同步加速器结构生物学 资源”建议继续支持斯坦福大学同步辐射光源 （SSRL）由NIH NIGMS和DOE BER开发大分子新技术 晶体学、X射线吸收/发射光谱和小角X射线 散射/衍射，培训/支持用户，并传播新开发的能力 to the biomedical生物医学research研究community社区.这一提议是为了继续提供资金， 以及此SMB资源的未来发展。新举措将利用日益增加的 SSRL第三代储存环SPEAR 3的SR性能。建议也是 开发LCLS的选定SMB应用程序。一个主要目的是优化实验 SMB上的设施和仪器、检测器、软件和计算性能 资源公司在SSRL的9条以上光束线（另有两条正在建设中）， SPEAR 3在500 mA电流下提供的高亮度，并提供创新的 仪器和方法。这将使SMB资源能够推进 科学前沿与新的举措建立在国家的最先进的仪器和 方法，创新的软件和自动化/高通量系统：研究高 解析大型复杂生物分子和分子机器的结构/功能; 研究生物物理学中的基本问题，如蛋白质折叠; 开发/改进研究超快速时间分辨结构变化的方法， 化学和生物系统的超快或快速散射和光谱技术。 这些科学进步将通过软件的并行开发来促进， 扩展了仪器和检测器控制、远程数据收集和实时 数据分析推动生物医学项目和合作研究与服务计划 涉及大量外部科学家将推动和支持核心技术 发展理念

Synchrotron radiation (SR) is an extremely bright and tunable x-ray source that enables forefront research in structural molecular biology (SMB). A “Synchrotron Structural Biology Resource" is proposed for continuing support at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) by the NIH NIGMS and DOE BER to develop new technologies in macromolecular crystallography, x-ray absorption/emission spectroscopy and small angle x-ray scattering/diffraction, to train/support users, and to disseminate the newly developed capabilities to the biomedical research community. This proposal is for the continued funding, operation and future development of this SMB Resource. New initiatives will capitalize on the increasing SR performance of SSRL’s 3rd generation storage ring SPEAR3. Proposed also is the development of selected SMB applications of LCLS. A principal aim is to optimize experimental facilities and instrumentation, detectors, software and compute performance on the SMB Resource’s 9+ beam lines at SSRL (with another two in construction) to take full advantage of the high brightness provided by SPEAR3 at 500 mA current and provide innovative new instrumentation and methodologies. This will enable the SMB Resource to advance the scientific forefront with new initiatives built upon state-of-the-art instrumentation and methodologies, innovative software and automated/high-throughput systems for: studying high resolution structures/function of large, complex biomolecules and molecular machines; investigating fundamental questions in biophysics such as protein folding; and developing/improving methods for studying very fast time-resolved structural changes in chemical and biological systems with ultrafast or fast scattering and spectroscopy techniques. These scientific advancements will be facilitated by parallel developments in software to provide expanded capabilities for instrument and detector control, remote data collection and real-time data analysis. Driving biomedical projects and collaborative research and service programs involving a large number of outside scientists will drive and support core technological developments.