Persistent HIV expression induced type I IFN responses and inflammaging
Persistent HIV expression induced type I IFN responses and inflammaging
批准号:
9750592
负责人:
SURYARAM GUMMULURU
金额:
$73.75万
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2018
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2018-08-01 至 2023-04-30
关键词:
Adverse effectsAgeAgingAntiviral AgentsAtherosclerosisAutologousAutomobile DrivingBiologicalBiopsyCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesCD8B1 geneCardiovascular DiseasesCardiovascular systemCellsChronicClinicalCoculture TechniquesDNADefectDevelopmentDiseaseElderlyExhibitsFc ReceptorGene ExpressionGenetic TranscriptionHIVHIV InfectionsImmuneImmunologicsIn VitroIndividualInflammagingInflammationInflammation MediatorsInflammatoryInflammatory ResponseInnate Immune ResponseInterferonsInterventionLinkLongitudinal StudiesMacrophage ActivationMalignant NeoplasmsMeasurementMediatingMitochondriaModelingMorbidity - disease rateMyeloid CellsNeurocognitive DeficitNeurologicOlder PopulationOsteoporosisPathogenesisPeripheral Blood Mononuclear CellProcessProductionProspective cohortRNAReceptor CellResidual stateRiskSamplingSecondary toSignal TransductionSignaling ProteinStimulusSuggestionTestingTissuesViralViral reservoirViremiaVirionVirusVirus Inhibitorsage relatedagedaging populationantiretroviral therapycytokineeffector T cellexhaustionexperimental studyfollow-upfunctional disabilityhigh riskimmune activationin vivoinnovationinsightmacrophagemonocytemortalitypreventreceptorreceptor expressionresponsesuccessviral RNAvirology
中文摘要
摘要
尽管有有效的抗逆转录病毒治疗(cART),HIV感染者仍然处于异常高的风险,
艾滋病病毒相关的非艾滋病(HANA)临床疾病,如心血管疾病,
疾病、神经认知衰退和骨质疏松症。这些与年龄相关的疾病的过度风险归因于
尽管有cART,残余的免疫激活仍然存在。老年cART-1抑制HIV-1感染者
与年轻人相比,这些炎症驱动的疾病的风险更大;
表明艾滋病毒和高龄的协同不利影响。 在我们的初步研究中,我们观察到,
cART-抑制HIV+个体,尤其是老年人(≥50岁),
单核细胞/巨噬细胞活化,并有更大的细胞相关RNA水平(ca-RNA),尽管没有显着
储库大小(HIV DNA)的差异,表明HIV基因表达与单核细胞
activation.重要的是,我们发现,从头HIV未剪接的病毒RNA表达单独,即使在没有
病毒颗粒的产生,可以诱导产生I型干扰素反应和促炎细胞因子,
巨噬细胞 此外,我们观察到HIV和衰老似乎协同促进CD 8 + T细胞增殖,
衰竭,定义为抑制性受体(IR)表达增加。 此外,共培养HIV-1感染者
巨噬细胞和CD 8 + T细胞显示IR表达的增加至少部分是由I型
干扰素。 总的来说,这些初步发现支持了我们的中心假设,即增加的未剪接的艾滋病毒
老年个体中的RNA表达驱动来自感染的单核细胞/巨噬细胞的I型IFN应答,
反过来又促进CD 8 + T细胞耗竭,导致病毒学控制的丧失,从而使这种情况持续下去。
HANA-1诱导炎症循环。 在这项研究中,我们提出了创新的方法和抽样,从一个
按年龄分层并按cART持续时间匹配的HIV-1感染者的前瞻性队列,
年龄匹配的未感染者来验证我们的假设。 在目标1中,我们将确定
巨噬细胞中未剪接的HIV RNA和衰老协同增强I型IFN应答。在目标2中,
确定年龄、HIV和单核细胞/巨噬细胞衍生的炎症反应如何驱动CD 8 + T细胞
疲惫不堪 在目标3中,我们将评估年龄和CD 8 + T细胞耗竭如何促进持续性,
表达的病毒库。 我们预测,这些研究将导致生物识别
尽管cART有效,但仍存在驱动HANA疾病的机制。 这样的洞察力将是至关重要的,
开发有效的策略以减少或逆转持续性免疫激活驱动疾病
发病机制在不断增长的老年(≥50岁)艾滋病毒感染者人群中。
英文摘要
ABSTRACT
Despite effective anti-retroviral therapy (cART), HIV-infected individuals remain at an unusually high risk of
morbidity and mortality from HIV-associated non-AIDS (HANA) clinical conditions, such as cardiovascular
disease, neurocognitive decline, and osteoporosis. The excess risk for these age-related diseases is attributed
to the residual immune activation that persists despite cART. Older cART-suppressed HIV-infected individuals
have an even greater risk for these inflammation-driven diseases compared to younger counterparts;; this
suggests a synergistic adverse effect of HIV and advanced age. In our preliminary studies, we observed that
cART-suppressed HIV+ individuals, especially those of older age (≥50), exhibited higher
monocyte/macrophage activation and had greater cell-associated RNA levels (ca-RNA) despite no significant
difference in reservoir size (HIV DNA), suggesting a link between HIV gene expression and monocyte
activation. Importantly, we found that de novo HIV unspliced viral RNA expression alone, even in the absence
of virus particle production, can induce production of type I IFN responses and pro-inflammatory cytokines in
macrophages. In addition, we observed that HIV and aging appear to synergistically advance CD8+ T cell
exhaustion, as defined by increased expression of inhibitory receptors (IRs). Also, co-culture of HIV-infected
macrophages and CD8+ T cells revealed that increased IR expression is mediated, at least in part, by type I
IFNs. Collectively, these preliminary findings support our central hypothesis that the increased HIV unspliced
RNA expression in aged individuals drives type I IFN responses from infected monocytes/macrophages, which
in turn promotes CD8+ T cell exhaustion, causing a loss of virological control, and hence, perpetuating this
HANA-inducing inflammatory cycle. In this study, we propose innovative approaches and sampling from a
prospective cohort of HIV-infected individuals stratified by age and matched by duration of cART compared to
age-matched uninfected individuals to test our hypothesis. In Aim 1 we will determine if expression of
unspliced HIV RNA in macrophages and ageing synergistically enhance type I IFN responses. In Aim 2 we will
determine how age, HIV, and monocyte/macrophage-derived inflammatory responses drive CD8+ T cell
exhaustion. In Aim 3 we will evaluate how age and CD8+ T cell exhaustion contribute to the persistence and
expression of the viral reservoir. We predict that these studies will lead to the identification of the biological
mechanisms that drive HANA diseases despite effective cART. Such insight will be critically important for
development of effective strategies to decrease or reverse the persistent immune activation driving disease
pathogenesis in the growing population of older (≥50 years old) individuals living with HIV.
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