Social determinants of sleep and sleep disparities among college students: The influence of childhood adversity, contemporaneous stress, and proximal behavioral mediators

项目摘要 充足、高质量的睡眠对精神集中、有效的认知功能和维持大脑的功能至关重要。 身体健康。大学期间普遍存在的睡眠问题和睡眠时间不足， 因此，一个紧迫的公共卫生问题，也可能限制经济和健康效益的更高 教育此外，黑人和白色成年人之间的睡眠差异是一个非常令人担忧的社会问题。 这些问题不可避免地使社会经济成就和健康方面群体差异永久化 在整个生命周期中。大学生睡眠科学和睡眠差异的显着差距 包括对童年逆境或当前压力影响机制注意不够， 利用睡眠的客观测量的研究，以及缺乏纵向研究检查种族是否 在大学期间，睡眠的差异是存在的或扩大的。采用严格的纵向设计， 这项研究将通过研究儿童时期的逆境和 当代压力联合收割机影响大学生的睡眠和睡眠差异。的 行为因素在大学环境中的突出程度（例如，午睡，就寝时间变异性，实质 使用）作为压力-睡眠联系的介质也将被检查，以提高机械的理解 并阐明可能的干预地点。240名一年级和二年级学生（50%）的建议样本 黑人，50%女性，年龄18-21岁）将在两个时间点进行评估，间隔一年。评估 儿童时期的逆境和同期的压力将比以往任何研究都更全面 研究睡眠的决定因素。儿童逆境评估将包括既定的措施， 不良的童年经历，家庭社会经济风险，以及邻里和 学校的劣势同时的压力评估将包括日常的既定措施， 麻烦（学术和社会），紧张的生活事件，歧视的经验，校园种族气氛，和 长期警惕不公平待遇。睡眠评估将是多方面的，包括活动记录仪和 自我报告措施。活动监测器，戴在非优势手腕连续七天， 用于评估总睡眠时间、睡眠效率（在床上睡眠的时间百分比）、入睡后醒着的时间， 以及就寝时间和总睡眠时间的可变性。这项研究将是第一个研究种族差异是否 在客观测量的睡眠特征是目前或扩大在大学几年。调查结果将增加 关于学生睡眠和睡眠差异的决定因素的关键证据，其影响很大， 提高高等教育的经济和健康效益的重要性， 健康和财富方面的种族差异。总的来说，所采用的严格和全面的方法-同时 新的和重要的研究问题-允许前所未有的机会，以促进了解 大学生的睡眠和睡眠差异，并阐明干预的重要目标。

PROJECT SUMMARY Sufficient, high quality sleep is essential for mental focus, efficient cognitive functioning, and the maintenance of physical health. Widespread sleep problems and insufficient sleep duration across the college years is therefore a pressing public health concern that could also limit the economic and health benefits of higher education. Furthermore, disparities in sleep between Black and White adults is an extremely concerning social issue that inevitably serves to perpetuate ongoing group differences in socioeconomic attainment and health across the life span. Significant gaps in the science of sleep and sleep disparities among college students include inadequate attention to mechanisms for effects of childhood adversity or current stress, an absence of studies utilizing objective measurements of sleep, and a lack of longitudinal research examining whether racial disparities in sleep are present or widen across the college years. Utilizing a rigorous longitudinal design, this study will significantly advance extant scientific understanding by examining how childhood adversity and contemporaneous stress combine to influence sleep and sleep disparities among college students. The degree to which behavioral factors salient in the college context (e.g., napping, bedtime variability, substance use) operate as mediators of stress-sleep links will also be examined to enhance mechanistic understanding and illuminate likely loci of intervention. The proposed sample of 240 first and second year students (50% Black, 50% female, ages 18-21) will be assessed across two time points, one year apart. Assessments of childhood adversity and contemporaneous stress will be more comprehensive than in any prior study examining determinants of sleep. Childhood adversity assessments will include established measures of adverse childhood experiences, family socioeconomic risk, and objective indicators of neighborhood and school disadvantage. Contemporaneous stress assessments will include established measures of daily hassles (academic and social), stressful life events, experiences of discrimination, campus racial climate, and chronic vigilance to unfair treatment. Sleep assessments will be multi-faceted, including both actigraphy and self-report measures. Activity monitors, worn on the non-dominant wrist for seven consecutive days will be used to assess total sleep time, sleep efficiency (% of time in bed asleep), time spent awake after sleep onset, and variability in bedtime and total sleep time. This study will be the first to examine whether racial disparities in objectively measured sleep characteristics are present or widen across the college years. Findings will add critical evidence on determinants of student sleep and sleep disparities, the implications of which are of high importance for enhancing the economic and health benefits of higher education, and addressing enduring racial disparities in health and wealth. Overall, the rigorous and comprehensive methods employed—alongside novel and significant research questions—allow for unprecedented opportunities to advance understanding of sleep and sleep disparities among college students, and illuminate vital targets for intervention.