FOOD-BASED BIOMARKERS, DIET QUALITY, AND CARDIOMETABOLIC HEALTH

准确评估人类饮食是营养流行病学的基石。对食物摄入敏感和特异的生物标志物可以提供改善饮食表征的客观信息。代谢组学分析技术的进步现在允许发现新的食物生物标志物，尽管到目前为止，只有有限数量的强大的食物生物标志物被确定。该提案代表了通过开展三个研究项目来显著加速营养与健康研究进展的主要研究工作：1）食品生物标志物发现和验证; 2）检查与心脏代谢健康相关的食品生物标志物，重点是冠心病（CHD）;以及3）评估食品生物标志物指导的精确营养，以改善饮食质量和心脏代谢健康。这些互补的、相互关联的项目将由一个研究小组领导，该研究小组由美国、爱尔兰和北方爱尔兰的研究人员组成，他们在代谢组学、营养生物标志物研究、营养和慢性疾病流行病学、生物信息学和饮食干预研究方面具有专业知识。拟议的项目将由美国国立卫生研究院/美国农业部、爱尔兰共和国的健康研究委员会和爱尔兰科学基金会以及北方尔兰的健康和社会护理研发部门通过独特的美国-爱尔兰研发伙伴关系计划共同资助，而没有重叠的管辖权。Lorraine Brennan博士是国际公认的食品生物标志物发现和代谢组学的领导者，他将在爱尔兰通过控制人类喂养研究，领导利用尿样识别新型食品生物标志物的工作。Qi Sun博士和他的美国团队将领导评估食物标记物在评估护士健康研究（NHS）和西班牙裔社区健康研究/拉丁裔研究（SOL）参与者的自由生活个体的习惯性饮食中的表现。此外，美国研究人员将使用食物标记物构建饮食质量评分，并随后在NHS和SOL研究中检查该评分与CHD风险的关系。Jayne伍德赛德博士将设计食品标记物指导的精确营养指导，并通过在爱尔兰（北部和南部）进行的随机干预研究，评估饮食指导对改善饮食质量和心脏代谢健康的有效性。该提案将利用跨大西洋团队的跨学科专业知识，美国多种族群体的丰富资源，以及多个资助机构的独特成本分摊机制。该项目将促进新的食物标记物的发现，提供进一步的证据，将食物标记物与具有不同种族背景的美国男性和女性的冠心病风险联系起来，并证明将食物标记物纳入设计精确营养策略以改善饮食和人类健康的实用性。这项研究有很大的潜力，以推进饮食评估方法和更有效的饮食干预，以改善心脏代谢健康的发展。

Accurate assessment of human diet is the cornerstone of nutritional epidemiology. Biomarkers that are sensitive and specific to food intake can provide objective information that improves the characterization of diet. Advances in metabolomic profiling techniques now permit the discovery of novel food biomarkers, although, thus far, only a limited number of robust food biomarkers have been identified. This proposal represents major research efforts to significantly accelerate the advances in the research of nutrition and health by conducting three research projects: 1) food biomarker discovery and validation; 2) examination of food biomarkers in relation to cardiometabolic health, with a focus on coronary heart disease (CHD); and 3) evaluating food biomarker-guided precision nutrition to improve diet quality and cardiometabolic health. These complementary, inter-connected projects will be led by an investigator team consisting of researchers in the US, Ireland, and Northern Ireland with expertise in metabolomics, nutritional biomarker research, nutritional and chronic disease epidemiology, bioinformatics, and dietary intervention studies. The proposed projects will be jointly funded, without overlapping jurisdictions, by the NIH/USDA, Health Research Board and Science Foundation Ireland in the Republic of Ireland, and the Health and Social Care R&D Division in Northern Ireland through the unique US-Ireland R&D Partnership Programme. Dr. Lorraine Brennan, an internationally recognized leader in food biomarker discovery and metabolomics, will lead efforts in identifying novel food biomarkers using urine samples through controlled human feeding studies in Ireland. Dr. Qi Sun and his US team will lead efforts in evaluating the performance of food markers in assessing habitual diet among free-living individuals who are participants of the Nurses' Health Studies (NHS) and Hispanic Community Health Study / Study of Latinos (SOL). In addition, the US investigators will use food markers to construct a diet quality score and subsequently examine this score in relation to CHD risk in the NHS and SOL studies. Dr. Jayne Woodside will design food marker-guided precision nutrition guidance and evaluate the efficacy of the dietary guidance on improving diet quality and cardiometabolic health through a randomized intervention study in Ireland (North and South). This proposal will leverage the interdisciplinary expertise of the Trans-Atlantic team, rich resources of multi-ethnic cohorts in the US, and a unique cost-sharing mechanism by multiple funding agencies. This project will facilitate discoveries of novel food markers, provide further evidence that links food markers with CHD risk in US men and women with diverse ethnic background, and demonstrate the utility of incorporating food markers in designing precision nutrition strategies for improving diet and human health. This study has a great potential to advance dietary assessment methodology and the development of more effective dietary interventions to improve cardiometabolic health.