Bidirectional metabolic signaling in follicular helper T cell differentiation

计划摘要/摘要 滤泡辅助性T(TFH)细胞为B细胞和高亲和力抗体的产生提供必要的帮助，从而 将细胞免疫和体液免疫联系起来。虽然人们非常重视免疫受体(如： ICOS)和转录因子(如Bcl6)是TFH分化所必需的，信号是如何从 转录和生物反应的受体仍然不清楚。新出现的研究揭示营养 信号和代谢重新编程作为决定人的生长和命运的基本过程 激活的淋巴细胞。然而，关于重要的特定代谢途径，许多问题仍然存在。 对于T细胞命运的决定(而不是作为细胞表型变化的结果)，以及如何免疫 信号与营养输入和新陈代谢程序相交。例如，与我们对 对于糖酵解或Warburg代谢，线粒体代谢的功能和调节还不是很清楚。 我们证实mTOR通过协调T细胞受体和ICOS在TFH分化中起关键作用 信号和葡萄糖代谢。通过无偏见的筛选、小鼠遗传模型和系统生物学 在我们的初步研究中，我们还揭示了营养信号和线粒体的关键作用。 TFH反应中的代谢。我们的中心假设是mTORC1和营养素之间的相互作用 信号通路和线粒体代谢程序协调双向代谢 信号转导与转铁蛋白的分化。具体地说，我们将(1)确定将养分和 TFH反应中的免疫信号，以及(2)建立TFH的线粒体功能和代谢异质性 回应。重要的是，尽管出现了对免疫新陈代谢的兴趣，但营养信号和 线粒体代谢对T细胞功能的影响仍然知之甚少。以我们的专业知识为基础 以及结合遗传和系统生物学方法的创新，我们将解决基本问题 免疫代谢和转铁蛋白生物学的研究。从该应用程序中获得的见解可能会显著影响我们的 了解TFH生物学并显示合法的治疗机会。

Program Summary/Abstract Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells provide essential help for B cells and high-affinity antibody production, thereby linking cellular and humoral immunity. While much emphasis has been placed on immune receptors (e.g. ICOS) and transcription factors (e.g. Bcl6) required for Tfh differentiation, how signals are transduced from receptors to transcriptional and biological responses remains poorly defined. Emerging studies reveal nutrient signaling and metabolic reprogramming as fundamental processes underlying the growth and fate decisions of activated lymphocytes. However, many questions remain regarding the specific metabolic pathways important for T cell fate decisions (rather than as a consequence of changes in cellular phenotypes), and how immune signals intersect with nutrient inputs and metabolic programs. For instance, compared with our knowledge on glycolytic or Warburg metabolism, the function and regulation of mitochondrial metabolism are much less clear. We establish that mTOR acts as a key driver of Tfh differentiation by coordinating T cell receptor and ICOS signaling and glucose metabolism. Through unbiased screens, mouse genetic models and systems biology approaches in our preliminary studies, we also revealed crucial roles of nutrient signaling and mitochondrial metabolism in Tfh responses. Our central hypothesis is that the interplay between mTORC1 and nutrient signaling pathways and mitochondrial metabolic programs orchestrates bidirectional metabolic signaling and Tfh differentiation. Specifically, we will (1) identify the mechanisms that integrate nutrient and immune signals in Tfh responses, and (2) establish mitochondrial function and metabolic heterogeneity in Tfh responses. Importantly, despite the emerging interest in immunometabolism, how nutrient signaling and mitochondrial metabolism contribute to T cell function remains poorly understood. Building upon our expertise and innovation that combine genetic and systems biology approaches, we will address fundamental questions of immunometabolism and Tfh biology. Insights gained from this application may significantly impact our understanding of Tfh biology and manifest legitimate therapeutic opportunities.