Changing Decisions During Drinking: Development of an Alcohol-Related Consequence Intervention for Emerging Adults

摘要 在美国，酒精滥用造成的后果仍然是一个公共卫生问题， 特别是在新生成年人（EA;年龄约18-24岁的个体）中。此前的干预措施表明， 减少酒精使用;然而，在减少负面影响方面的成果有限， 这些努力几乎完全集中在大学生身上。关于酒精使用、注意力和决策的研究 指示酒精增加了推动线索的显着性（通过引起注意来刺激行动的因素）。 行为的好处），并减少抑制线索（通过引起注意来防止行为的因素） 缺点）。然而，缺乏研究来检查与许多酒精相关的线索。 EA体验的后果。重要的是，这些线索可能由许多内部和外部因素组成 从情绪/情感到特定的地点或人。理解后果之前的线索可以提供 这是一个重要的干预途径，可以影响饮酒时做出的即时决定。这个项目 提出了三个阶段的研究，以提供与后果相关的线索的洞察力，并制定一个 从复发预防框架设计的干预，训练EA意识到这些线索 并通过管理情况来选择安全的行为。第一阶段将详细收集 数据（定性和定量）的线索周围的决定，而喝的影响， 酒精相关的后果第一阶段将包括清醒的采访和酒精管理 范式，将评估如何中毒水平可能会影响注意力和感知的重要性线索。 第二阶段将利用第一阶段的研究成果，开发一种基于网络和短信的干预措施， 3将是一个试点的可行性测试制定的干预措施。这项研究与详细的培训相结合 该计划的申请人，重点是扩大知识的关键组成部分， 治疗，并使其适应简短的干预措施，建立酒精的方法和分析技能， 管理和定性研究，并将以用户为中心的设计和技术融入简报 干预措施。

ABSTRACT Consequences caused by alcohol misuse continue to be a public health concern in the United States, especially among emerging adults (EA; individuals aged ~18-24). Previous intervention efforts have shown reductions in alcohol use; however, results have been limited in the reduction of negative consequences, with efforts focused almost solely on college students. Research on alcohol use, attention, and decision-making has indicated alcohol increases the saliences of impelling cues (factors that incite action by drawing attention to benefits of a behavior), and decreases inhibiting cues (factors that prevent behavior by drawing attention to disadvantages). However, there is a lack of research examining cues associated with many alcohol-related consequences EA experience. Importantly, these cues may consist of a number of internal and external factors from mood/affect to specific locations or people. Understanding cues that precede consequences may provide an important avenue for intervention to impact in-the-moment decisions made while drinking. This project proposes three phases of research to provide insight on cues associated with consequences and develop an intervention designed from the relapse prevention framework that trains EA to become aware of these cues and choose safe behaviors by managing situations when then arise. Phase 1 will be a detailed collection of data (both qualitative and quantitative) on cues surrounding decisions made while drinking that influence alcohol related consequences. Phase 1 will include both sober interviews and an alcohol administration paradigm that will assess how level of intoxication may impact attention and perceived importance of cues. Phase 2 will utilize research from Phase 1 to develop a web- and text message-based intervention and Phase 3 will be a pilot feasibility test of the developed intervention. This research is coupled with a detailed training program for the applicant that focuses on expanding knowledge the key components of empirically-supported treatments and adapting them to brief interventions, building methodological and analytical skills in alcohol administration and qualitative research, and integrating user-centered design and technology into brief interventions.