E1 - Building Aboveground Strategies to Identify and Address Belowground Hot Spots for VOC Vapor Intrusion in Complex Urban Settings

项目概要/摘要：在后工业化城市中，挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）越来越多， 被认为是特别持久和有问题的污染物。VOC之所以被强调，是因为它们 通过土壤蒸汽侵入地下室对公众健康造成影响。然而，我们解决这一问题的能力 公共卫生问题是有限的，我们的能力，以确定地下VOC污染的空间 全面和具有成本效益的方式。项目E1的目标是使用创新的地上方法， 查明后工业化城市环境中地下VOCs的可能热点， 与由于蒸汽侵入导致的室内空气质量下降相关的健康问题。我们的核心假设 因为挥发性有机化合物可以在植物组织中积累，主要是通过根吸收水分，植物-水的相互作用可以 以具有成本效益的方式用于通知VOC数据并隔离后工业环境中的地下VOC热点 水文高度变化的城市环境。我们建议通过三个具体的假设来解决这个问题。 目的：（1）在地理空间GIS中利用地上植物组织数据识别VOC污染的热点 框架;（2）确定城市植物的地下源沃茨，以隔离VOC的可能来源 污染（特别是在城市环境中，通过威尔斯获得地下水是有限的）;（3）核实 地下存在的挥发性有机化合物和链接到室内空气中的挥发性有机化合物。所提出的方法是第一次努力， 植物筛选和稳定同位素技术在了解地下VOCs。利益复合 包括三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯、苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯--优先超级基金 污染物已被检测到在我们的研究区域（底特律，MI）的土壤蒸汽。我们的发现将有助于 （1）为使用地上植物组织提供概念验证 在与超级基金相关的挥发性有机化合物污染物的点源和非点源地下源补救工作中， 复杂的城市环境，（2）提供地理空间框架，以便在环境之间共享数据 和生物医学研究工作，旨在改善复杂的后 工业城市环境。从我们的地理空间框架和公共卫生问题的指标， 在空间上与集中补救和/或缓解工作相关。因此，项目E1直接响应： 简化报告程序的广泛任务3，即，开发“检测水中危险物质的方法和技术”， 环境”-并与项目E2的目标直接相关;战略调整项目的广泛任务2，即，发展 “评估危险物质对公众健康构成的风险的方法”，因为 我们的环境数据纳入地理空间框架，可以直接与公共卫生数据集成， 直接关系到项目B3和社区参与核心的目标; SRP广泛的任务4，即 评估“基本的生物、化学和物理方法，以减少危险物质的数量和毒性， 通过监测城市社区内现有的植物补救措施的有效性，对“有害物质”进行监测。

Project Summary/Abstract: In post-industrial cities, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are increasingly recognized as especially persistent and problematic contaminants. VOCs have been highlighted because of their impact on public health through intrusion into basements via soil vapors. However, our ability to address this public health issue is limited by our ability to identify belowground VOC contamination in a spatially comprehensive and cost-efficient way. Project E1’s objective is to use an innovative aboveground approach to pinpoint possible hot spots of belowground VOCs in post-industrial urban environments that contribute to human health issues associated with degraded indoor air quality as a result of vapor intrusion. Our central hypothesis is that because VOCs can accumulate in plant tissue, mainly via root-water uptake, plant-water interactions can be used in a cost-effective way to inform VOC data and isolate belowground VOC hotspots in post-industrial urban environments with highly altered hydrology. We propose to address this hypothesis through three specific aims: (1) identify hot spots of VOC contamination using data from aboveground plant tissue in a geospatial GIS framework; (2) identify belowground source waters for urban plants to isolate possible sources of VOC contamination (especially in urban environments where access to groundwater through wells is limited); (3) verify belowground presence of VOCs and link to VOCs in indoor air. The proposed approach is the first effort to link phytoscreening and stable isotope techniques in understanding belowground VOCs. Compounds of interests include trichloroethylene; tetrachloroethylene; benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes – priority Superfund contaminants that have been detected in soil vapors of our study area (Detroit, MI). Our findings will contribute to the problem-solving goals of CLEAR by: (1) providing the proof-of-concept for using aboveground plant tissue in both point and non-point belowground source remediation efforts of Superfund-relevant VOC contaminants in complex urban environments and (2) providing the geospatial framework for sharing data between environmental and biomedical research efforts aimed at improving conditions that impact public health in complex post- industrial urban environments. Metrics from our geospatial framework and metrics of public health concern can be spatially correlated to focus remediation and/or mitigation efforts. Therefore, Project E1 directly responds to: SRP broad mandate 3, i.e., development of “methods and technologies to detect hazardous substances in the environment” – and directly relates to the goals of Project E2; SRP broad mandate 2, i.e., development of “methods to assess the risks to public health presented by hazardous substances” because the incorporation of our environmental data into a geospatial framework allows for direct integration with public health data – and directly relates to the goals of Project B3 and the Community Engagement Core; SRP broad mandate 4, i.e. evaluating “basic biological, chemical, and physical methods to reduce the amount and toxicity of hazardous substances” by monitoring existing phytoremediation efforts within the urban community for their effectiveness.