Neurobiological susceptibility to peer influence and drug use in adolescence

项目摘要/摘要 数量惊人的青少年将从事物质使用(包括酒精、烟草、大麻和 这一事实对他们的健康和社会产生了严重的长期影响。自.以来 大多数青少年开始与同伴一起使用物质，这是对导致同伴的过程的理解 在物质使用同龄人的背景下影响敏感度为成功提供了关键途径 对物质使用的干预。我们之前的研究开发了一种独特的基于性能的实验 测量同伴影响敏感度的范式发现个体在敏感度上的差异 与青少年对同龄人物质使用的感知相互作用以预测自己的物质使用 订婚。然而，目前还不清楚为什么一些青少年比其他青少年更容易受到同伴的影响。 其他问题，以及发展如何增加易感性风险。这项工作将检查神经 与同伴影响敏感度的个体差异相关。具体地说，我们将评估 如何提高神经网络内部和之间的功能连接性，从而提高对 社会奖励和惩罚，获得奖励和避免惩罚的动机，以及 社会上的其他人与更大的同龄人影响敏感性有关。我们还将检查一个涉及到的网络 在执行控制中，作为防止以后使用药物的保护因素。使用两个队列，加速 纵向设计包括6-12年级的青少年，我们将调查个体差异 在候选神经网络内部和之间的连通性中预测在 同行的上下文。800名青少年(11-13岁)将完成基线评估 使用创新的实验范式，使用物质使用和同伴影响易感性。子集(n= 250)的初始样本将在第一年和第三年参与基于任务的纵向功能成像，以及 多波纵向评估，每隔一年纵向评估一次，时间间隔为2-5年至 获取有关青少年和同龄人在关键发展阶段的物质使用轨迹的广泛数据 与物质使用相关的时期。通过描绘社会影响的神经生物学标记物 易感性，项目发现可以表征那些使用药物风险最高的人，这可能 通过针对导致同伴影响易感性的心理过程，为干预措施提供信息。

Project Summary/Abstract An alarming number of adolescents will engage in substance use (including alcohol, tobacco, marijuana and opioids) before they leave high school, a fact that has serious long-term health and societal impacts. Since most adolescents begin using substances with peers, an understanding of the processes that lead to peer influence susceptibility in the context of substance-using peers offers critical avenues for successful intervention in substance use. Our prior research developed a unique performance-based experimental paradigm for measuring peer influence susceptibility and found that individual differences in susceptibility interact with adolescents’ perceptions of their peers’ substance use to predict their own substance use engagement. However, it remains unclear why some adolescents are more susceptible to peer influence than others, and how development confers increased risk for susceptibility. This work will examine the neural correlates associated with individual differences in peer influence susceptibility. Specifically, we will assess how increased functional connectivity within and between neural networks subserving greater sensitivity to social rewards and punishments, motivation to attain rewards and avoid punishment, and representations of social others is associated with greater peer influence susceptibility. We will also examine a network involved in executive control as a protective factor against later substance use. Using a two-cohort, accelerated longitudinal design including adolescents spanning grades 6-12, we will investigate how individual differences in connectivity within and between candidate neural networks predict prospective substance use initiation in the context of peers. Eight hundred adolescents (age 11-13 years) will complete baseline assessments of substance use, and peer influence susceptibility using an innovative experimental paradigm. A subset (n = 250) of the initial sample will partake in longitudinal task-based functional imaging in year 1 and 3, as well as multi-wave longitudinal assessment occurring at one-year longitudinal intervals in subsequent years 2-5 to obtain extensive data on adolescents’ and peers’ substance use trajectories across a critical developmental period associated with substance use. By delineating the neurobiological markers of social influence susceptibility, project findings can characterize those individuals at greatest risk for substance use, which can inform interventions by targeting the psychological processes that contribute to peer influence susceptibility.