Data and Methods Core

摘要 阿片类药物危机是一个至少20年来一直在演变的动态过程的结果。抢断 这场危机需要多管齐下，既要考虑到非法阿片类药物市场，又要认真考虑 在从阿片类药物启动到阿片类药物危害的潜在途径中的每个阶段的促成因素。那里有 研究特定药物的有效性和意外后果的研究大幅增加 阿片类药物政策和倡议。然而，复杂的政策环境，迅速演变的危机性质， 并发传递的策略的潜在交互影响，以及策略实施中的变化 政策评估的重大方法学挑战。为了解决这些限制， COPR数据和方法核心(DMC)有两个方面：1)构建必要的基础设施，以最大限度地提高 数据和研究在整个COPR中的效率、一致性和质量；2)提供关键资源 向更广泛的科学界提供政策评估所需的数据，提供教育 关于了解阿片类药物环境和生产所需额外控制的资源 关于评价阿片类药物政策的最佳方法做法的信息。公契的跨界别 团队将汇编多个数据库，采用多种因果推理技术来帮助开发一套 加强阿片类药物政策研究的科学严谨性的方法学指南，并作为有价值的 开发和传播与中心数据有关的教育材料的资源， 方法和工具。数据库将包括对关于 应对阿片类药物危机的不同政策方法的有效性，我们的团队将据此确定和编码 通过系统回顾相关文献，为特定物品建立库存系统 类型(例如，使用特定的因果方法，侧重于特定的策略)，以支持理解什么是 目前已知和不知道旨在解决危机的干预措施的效果。我们还将 按年评估、收集和准备原始政策数据、协变量和成果数据(2000- )；这项重大工作将产生一个可供公众使用的综合数据储存库， 为研究人员和更广泛的科学界提供宝贵的资源。利用这些丰富的数据 检查政策、具体政策组成部分和阿片类药物结果之间关联的来源将两者 为研究项目提供方法学援助，并促进新技术的开发和测试 因果推理的策略。通过创建远程学习网站、政策简介、研讨会材料和 来自DMC和COPR项目的数据库、方法和工具的培训材料，我们将 确保通过单一资源广泛传播关键工具和信息，其中数据和 当创新在地方、州和联邦层面实施时，可以提取方法来测试它们，并 增进我们对抗击阿片类药物危机的最佳研究做法和政策努力的了解。

ABSTRACT The opioid crisis is the result of a dynamic process that has been evolving for at least two decades. Tackling the crisis requires a multi-pronged approach that both accounts for illicit opioid markets and carefully considers contributing factors at each stage in the potential pathway from opioid initiation to opioid harms. There has been a substantial increase in research studying the effectiveness and unintended consequences of specific opioid policies and initiatives. However, the complex policy environment, rapidly evolving nature of the crisis, potential interactive effects of concurrently passed policies, as well as variation in policy implementation create significant methodological challenges for policy evaluations. To address these limitations, the objective of the COPR Data and Methods Core (DMC) is twofold: 1) build the essential infrastructure for maximizing the efficiency, consistency, and quality of the data and research throughout COPR; and 2) provide a key resource to the broader scientific community by providing the data needed for policy evaluation, supplying educational resources on necessary additional controls for understanding the opioid environment, and producing information on optimal methodological practices for evaluating opioid policies. The DMC’s multi-disciplinary team will compile multiple databases, undertake multiple causal inference techniques to help develop a set of methodological guidelines to enhance the scientific rigor of opioid policy research, and serve as a valuable resource for the development and dissemination of educational materials related to the Center’s data, methods, and tools. Databases will include findings from a comprehensive review of the literature on the effectiveness of different policy approaches to the opioid crisis, whereby our team will identify and code relevant literature through a systematic review to develop an inventory system for flagging articles of particular types (e.g., using particular causal methods, focused on a particular policy) to support understanding what is currently known and unknown about the effects of interventions aimed at addressing the crisis. We will also assess, gather, and prepare raw policy data, covariates, and outcome data on a state-by-year basis (2000- 2020); this substantial undertaking, which will result in a publicly available comprehensive data repository, will serve as a valuable resource for researchers and the broader scientific community. Leveraging these rich data sources to examine associations between policies, specific policy components, and opioid outcomes, will both provide methodological assistance to Research Projects and facilitate development and testing of new strategies for causal inference. By creating distance learning website, policy briefs, workshop materials, and training materials for the Data Library, methods, and tools coming from the DMC and COPR Projects, we will ensure broad dissemination of critical tools and information through a single resource from which data and methods can be drawn to test innovations as they are implemented at local, state, and federal levels, and to advance our understanding of best research practices and policy efforts to combat the opioid crisis.