Developing a computational electroencephalogram (EEG) paradigm to study prediction error in anorexia nervosa

摘要 青少年神经性厌食症(AN)是一种饮食障碍，与对体重增加、食物的强烈恐惧有关 拒绝和严重的体重减轻。AN是青春期女性中第三种最常见的慢性病 15-24岁女性的死亡率是预期的12倍。对生物标记物知之甚少。 青春期安。使用功能磁共振成像(FMRI)等技术的神经成像研究 在一项包括使用多巴胺相关的研究中反复提出改变奖赏过程 预测误差(PE)模型。大脑PE反应是在意外收到或遗漏奖赏时产生的 刺激和思维反映了大脑多巴胺回路的功能。这是一个重要的研究方向。 因为多巴胺系统可以被药理学操控。患病的青少年或成年人，有 脑岛和纹状体对反复接受蔗糖味觉的PE反应升高。体育也是相反的 与治疗中的体重增加有关。因此，PE脑反应有望成为一项重要的生物学标志物 对治疗结果有预测价值的青少年AN。然而，功能性脑成像是昂贵的， 例如，令人望而却步的是，身体中有牙箍或其他金属的个人，只有在某些情况下才能使用 中锋。为了在更大规模的研究中研究体育，需要一种更实用的途径和方法 发展起来的。在这个应用中，我们将使用探索性/发展性R21机制来开发一项研究 目的：应用脑电(EEG)研究青少年和青少年的PE信号。关于健康的最新研究 个人支持这是一种有效的方法。 在目标1中，我们测试了采用计算味觉PE强化学习范式的可行性。 青少年AN和健康对照的fMRI与EEG的关系。我们预计我们将发现内部一致性 FMRI脑岛和纹状体的味觉脑电反应及扣带回和额叶的脑电信号 年龄匹配的健康对照青少年的皮质区域。我们进一步预计，我们将 找到初步证据表明，脑电范式将能够区分AN组和对照组 青少年基于反馈相关的消极情绪和较高的事件相关电位幅度。 在目标2中，我们测试了货币PE范式是否会显示出与品味PE类似的脑电反应。 目的1.建立味觉范式和非味觉范式的概括性。 基于脑电的奖励PE研究范式的发展将使我们能够在未来进行大规模的 扩展研究的成本更低，并且独立于脑成像中心 患有多发性硬化症的一小部分青少年。

Abstract Adolescent anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder associated with intense fear of weight gain, food refusal, and severe weight loss. AN is the third most common chronic illness among adolescent females with a mortality rate 12 times higher than expected for females 15-24 years old. Little is known about biomarkers in adolescent AN. Neuroimaging studies using techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have repeatedly suggested altered reward processing in AN including studies using the dopamine associated prediction error (PE) model. The brain PE response is elicited during unexpected receipt or omission of reward stimuli and thought to reflect the functionality of brain dopamine circuits. This is an important research direction as the dopamine system can be manipulated pharmacologically. Ill adolescent or adult individuals with AN showed elevated PE response to repeated sucrose taste receipt in insula and striatum. PE was also inversely related to weight gain in treatment. Thus, PE brain response promises to be an important biological marker for adolescent AN with predictive value for treatment outcome. However, functional brain imaging is costly, prohibitive for instance for individuals with braces or other metal in their body and only available at certain centers. In order to study PE in AN in larger scale studies, a more practical approach and method need to be developed. In this application, we will use the exploratory/developmental R21 mechanism to develop a study protocol using electroencephalography (EEG) to study PE signals in adolescent AN. Recent studies in healthy individuals support that this is a valid approach. In Aim 1. we test the feasibility of adapting a computational taste PE reinforcement learning paradigm from fMRI to EEG in adolescents with AN and healthy controls. We expect that we will find internal consistency of taste PE brain response between fMRI insula and striatum response and EEG signal in cingulate and frontal cortical regions in adolescents with AN as well as age-matched healthy controls. We further expect that we will find preliminary evidence that the EEG paradigm will be able to discriminate the AN group from the control adolescents based on feedback related negativity and higher event-related potential amplitudes. In Aim 2. we test whether a monetary PE paradigm will show similar EEG brain response as the taste PE in Aim 1. to establish the generalizability of taste and non-taste paradigms. The development of an EEG based reward PE study paradigm will enable us in the future to conduct large- scale studies that will be less costly and independent from brain imaging centers that are only available to a small subset of adolescents with AN.