Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia as a Predictor of Substance Use among Early Adolescents

呼吸性窦性心律失常是青少年药物使用的预测因子 导致负面健康结果的风险行为，如物质使用或性风险行为，通常 开始于青春期。确定青少年早期风险最大的人对于预防干预至关重要。 情绪调节在降低青少年风险方面起着重要作用，但也可以检测出那些易受伤害的人。 由于青春期早期的情绪调节缺陷是具有挑战性的， 深入了解这些仍在发展的情感过程。呼吸性窦性心律失常（RSA），心脏指数 受副交感神经系统影响的心率变异性是情绪的既定标志 监管过程。RSA不依赖于自我报告，可能有助于早期识别风险。我们 团队开发了一种新的虚拟现实派对任务，用于评估 青少年。我们实验室使用该任务的试点数据表明，有物质史的青少年 在暴露于挑战性情况（参考）后，使用显示出较慢的恢复基线RSA（在休息时测量） 恢复RSA）与不使用对等点相比。这可能表明，恢复RSA是一个相关的指标， 与风险行为相关的情绪调节，因为在现实世界中，情绪触发经常快速连续发生 风险情况。这项拟议的研究将前瞻性地检查RSA在预测青少年风险方面的效用 行为（物质使用和性风险）在280个早期青少年（年龄12.0-12.5岁）的样本 为期24个月。我们还将评估在物质使用的背景下， 和性冒险的情况下（虚拟现实党）是更有用的预测风险行为比一个 计算机风险承担任务（气球锚风险任务）。我们还将研究用于定义 恢复RSA，鉴于目前文献中的不一致。目前的提案通过以下方式推进了该领域 结合虚拟现实和RSA收集来评估情绪调节，目的是识别 这些人最容易在年幼时从事危险行为，从而创新预防科学。

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia as a predictor of substance use among early adolescents Risk behaviors that cause negative health outcomes, such as substance use or sexual risk behaviors, typically begin in adolescence. Identifying those most at risk in early adolescence is critical for prevention interventions. Emotion regulation plays an important role in reducing adolescent risk but detecting those who are vulnerable because of deficits in emotion regulation during early adolescence is challenging due to poor adolescent insight into these still-developing emotional processes. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), an index of heart rate variability that is influenced by the parasympathetic nervous system, is an established marker of emotion regulation processes. RSA does not rely on self-report and may be useful for early identification of risk. Our team has developed a novel virtual reality party task with which to assess emotion regulation patterns in adolescents. Pilot data in our laboratory using this task suggest that adolescents with a history of substance use exhibit slower return to baseline RSA (measured at rest) after exposure to a challenging situation (referred to as recovery RSA) compared to non-using peers. This may suggest that recovery RSA is a relevant index of emotion regulation related to risk behaviors, as emotional triggers often occur in rapid succession in real-world risk situations. The proposed study will prospectively examine RSA's utility in predicting adolescent risk behaviors (substance use and sexual risk) among a sample of 280 early adolescents (ages 12.0-12.5 years) for a period of 24 months. We will also evaluate whether emotion regulation in the context of a substance use and sexual risk-taking situation (the virtual reality party) is more useful in predicting risk behavior than a computer risk-taking task (the Balloon Analogue Risk Task). We also will examine strategies for defining recovery RSA, given inconsistencies in the current literature. The current proposal advances the field by combining virtual reality and RSA collection to assess emotion regulation with the aim of identifying markers of those most vulnerable to engaging in risk behaviors at an early age, thus innovating the science of prevention.