Understanding Ethnic Differences in Cancer: The Multiethnic Cohort Study

该更新申请寻求对多种族队列（MEC）研究基础设施的支持， 1993-1996年在夏威夷和南加州成立，研究癌症和其他慢性疾病的危险因素。 疾病这项研究旨在利用这两个地理区域的种族和文化多样性， 研究人员在营养、民族/种族差异研究和遗传学方面的专业知识。它 是现存种族最多样化的癌症群体。它实现了高成本效益， 通过与SEER癌症登记处的计算机化联系补充积极的随访信息， 统计、出院诊断、医疗索赔数据、电子病历和地理空间 信息.在基线时，该队列包括215，000名男性和女性的信息，其中包括几乎 完全由五个民族/种族人口组成：日裔美国人、拉丁美洲人、白人、非洲裔美国人和土著人 夏威夷人该资源后来扩大到包括一个前瞻性的血液标本生物储存库， 约70，000名参与者和一个大子集的尿液标本。MEC的领导需要高度的 互动，团队科学的方法，研究人员充分表明他们愿意分享 数据/样品，并积极参与财团。研究成果包括重大 有助于了解癌症的遗传和环境风险因素。超过291篇论文 描述我们研究结果的报告已在本赠款周期内发表。此外，在过去的28年里， 129个NIH赠款/补充资金已经围绕MEC建立（77个在当前周期内活跃），以及更多 超过136名学生和博士后研究员接受了这项研究的培训。此应用程序描述了我们的 未来五年的目标是维护和加强MEC的基础设施，以及计划 方法论研究我们预计在新的5年内，将在目前的基础上增加7,253例癌症病例。 48 064个病例;其中2 670个病例将有诊断前血液样本，增加到目前的10 957个病例 例我们将在目前的~ 13 K基础上增加6 K FFPE肿瘤样本。此外，此次资助更新将使 可能继续进行一项旨在评估生活方式，环境， 以及癌症和其他常见慢性病的遗传风险因素和社会健康决定因素， 利用新的方法，如饮食质量指数，基因组学，基因组学，表观基因组学， 微生物组学、代谢组学和多水平暴露，包括空间环境、结构种族主义， 气候变化MEC将允许测试创新的研究假设，旨在确保 调查了种族/民族健康差异，疾病预防方面的进展适用于美国所有主要的 种族/少数民族。

This renewal application seeks support for the infrastructure of the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) Study, which was established in Hawaii and southern California in 1993-1996 to study risk factors for cancer and other chronic diseases. The study was designed to take advantage of the ethnic and cultural diversity of the two geographic areas, as well as the expertise of the investigators in nutrition, ethnic/racial disparities studies, and genetics. It is the most ethnically diverse cancer cohort in existence. It achieves high cost-efficiency by significantly supplementing active follow-up information with computerized linkages to SEER cancer registries, vital statistics, hospital-discharge diagnoses, medical claim data, electronic medical records and geospatial information. At baseline, the cohort included information on 215,000 men and women, comprised almost entirely of five ethnic/racial populations: Japanese Americans, Latinos, Whites, African Americans and Native Hawaiians. The resource was later expanded to include a prospective biorepository of blood specimens from ~70,000 of the participants and urine specimens on a large subset. Leadership of the MEC entails a highly interactive, team-science approach, and the investigators have amply demonstrated their willingness to share data/samples, and to participate actively in consortia. Research accomplishments include significant contributions to understanding both genetic and environmental risk factors for cancer. Over 291 papers describing our findings have been published during the current grant cycle. In addition, over the last 28 years, 129 NIH grants/supplements have been built around the MEC (77 were active in the current cycle), and more than 136 students and postdoctoral fellows have been trained on the study. This application describes our aims over the next 5 years for maintaining and enhancing the infrastructure of the MEC, as well as plans for methodological research. We project adding 7,253 incident cancer cases in the new 5 years, to the current 48,064 cases; 2,670 of these cases will have pre-diagnostic blood samples, to be added to the current 10,957 cases. We will add 6K FFPE tumor samples to the current ~13K. In addition, this grant renewal will make possible the continuation of a well-integrated program of research aimed at evaluating lifestyle, environmental, and genetic risk factors and social determinants of health for cancer and other common chronic diseases, taking advantage of new approaches, such as dietary quality indices, exposomics, genomics, epigenomics, microbiomics, metabolomics and multilevel exposures, including spatial environment, structural racism, and climate change. The MEC will allow the testing of innovative research hypotheses aimed at ensuring that racial/ethnic health disparities are investigated and that progress in disease prevention applies to all major US racial/ethnic minorities.