Attention-based neural response to threat moderates the expression of BI

项目摘要/摘要 研究项目：行为抑制(BI)是一种以增强为标志的行为特征 在新的情况下感到不适，如去一个新的地方或遇到一个新的人。 尽管BI被认为是社交焦虑的最强早期指标之一 在童年后期，许多患有BI的蹒跚学步的孩子没有发展成内在化 无序。为了更好地理解这种风险标记物的多重结果，本研究 利用预先建立的大型(N=326)纵向研究来检查潜在的 BI的认知和神经过程，特别是异常威胁反应。为此，我将 评估BI(在婴儿期和学步期评估)与焦虑症状的关系 (在3岁和5岁时评估；目标1)。接下来，我将确定关注之间的联系- 基于对威胁和焦虑症状的神经反应，使用同时功能的近 红外光谱(FNIRS)和眼球跟踪范式(目标2)。最后，我将检查是否和 注意神经反应的个体差异如何调节BI的表达 预测儿童焦虑症状(目标3)。这项调查与以下事件密切相关 公共健康，因为大约三分之一的美国人会患上焦虑症 在他们有生之年。因此，在了解核心流程之前和期间 焦虑症的症状首次出现提供了一种易于处理的方法来扰乱焦虑 整个生命周期的轨迹。 培训：由赞助商Nelson(专家)提供无与伦比的培训和指导 发展认知神经科学)和共同发起人博斯奎特·恩洛(儿童专家 焦虑症)在波士顿儿童医院/哈佛医学院学习将增强我的 方法和理论知识，以便使我做好最佳准备，确保和 成功地在研究型大学担任终身教职。

Project Summary/Abstract Research Project: Behavioral Inhibition (BI) is a behavioral trait marked by enhanced discomfort during novel situations, such as going to a new place or meeting a new person. Though BI has been recognized as one of the strongest early indicators of social anxiety disorders later in childhood, many toddlers with BI do not go onto develop an internalizing disorder. To better understand the multiple outcomes of this risk marker the present study leverages a large (N = 326) pre-established longitudinal study to examine the underlying cognitive and neural processes of BI, specifically aberrant threat responding. To this end, I will assess the relation between BI (assessed at infancy and toddlerhood) and anxiety symptoms (assessed at 3 and 5 years of age; aim 1). Next, I will determine the link between attention- based neural response to threat and anxiety symptoms using a simultaneous functional Near- Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) and eye tracking paradigm (aim 2). Finally, I will examine if and how individual differences in attention based neural responding moderates the expression of BI to predict childhood anxiety symptomology (aim 3). This investigation is of great relevance to public health because approximately one in three Americans will develop an anxiety disorder during their lifetime. Therefore, understanding core processes prior to and during the time when symptoms of anxiety disorders first emerge provides a tractable approach to disrupting anxiety trajectories across the lifespan. Training: The unparalleled training and mentorship provided by Sponsor Nelson (expert in developmental cognitive neuroscience) and Co-Sponsor Bosquet Enlow (expert in childhood anxiety disorders) at Boston Children’s Hospital/Harvard Medical school will bolster my methodological and theoretical knowledge in order to best prepare me to secure and successfully carryout a tenure track position at a research university.