Early predictors of Late Talking (LT) in infancy

项目摘要/摘要 幼儿言语学习中的语音学习敏感期已被反复证明 预测学龄前的语言能力，并有可能标记非典型语言 发展。影响敏感期及其后结果的一个重要因素 语言发展的轨迹是婴儿期语言输入的质量和数量。还是婴儿的时候 发展，一个相当大的亚群将开始显示出语言出现的延迟，从18岁左右开始 即使排除了主要因素，如听力障碍、自闭症和其他因素，也可以在几个月内 神经紊乱。许多晚说话的人将具有持续的语音和语言延迟(例如， 发展性语言障碍)进入学龄期及以后。即使是那些最终实现 处于平均范围内的语言分数仍然低于正常发育儿童的分数。很晚了- 因此，说话者可能会提供DLD的第一条线索，使他们成为一个重要的研究群体。然而，几乎没有 他们的早期预测是已知的。在我现在的父母Katz ESI R01中，我们专注于 调查婴儿是否有罹患DLD的高风险(即有一级家庭成员 表现出言语和语言障碍的人)已经证明了 在6个月、12个月和14个月大时说话，跨越敏感期，与他们的低风险相比 通常是发展中的对应物。因此，母基金为此提供了最佳的基础设施 建议的补充项目开始审查与最近早期预测相关的研究问题 通过在额外的时间点添加额外的测量来增加说话者。具体来说，我们计划审查 两个潜在的早期预测因素，即DLD的高风险和婴儿期的语言输入。至 为了描述婴儿在蹒跚学步时的语言能力，我们计划招募所有婴儿(即，既低又低) 风险和高风险组)家长资助的纵向研究，以进一步登记在麦克阿瑟- 贝茨沟通发展指数(CDI)在18、21、24、27、30个月龄时进行父母报告。 为了表征婴儿期的语言输入(例如，IDs的数量)，我们计划在9岁时招募所有婴儿 家中录制全天录音的年龄(即敏感期中期)数月 环境，使用语言环境分析(LENA)系统。总而言之，这些额外的 补充项目中收集的措施不仅将解决以下两个重要问题 早期预测后期谈话的人，但也将有助于创建有价值的多模式数据集来分享 在家长资助结束时与科学界合作。对这些假说的检验可能会打开 有很多机会提出后续问题。例如，结合神经成像数据 通过家长的资助收集，我们可以测试是否结合语言输入、幼儿神经加工 言语和风险水平比任何单一因素都能更好地预测迟发语言的出现。

Project Summary/Abstract Infant speech learning during the sensitive period for phonetic learning has been shown repeatedly to predict language abilities up to school age, with the potential to also mark atypical language development. One important factor influencing the outcome of the sensitive period and subsequent language development trajectory is the quality and quantity of language input in infancy. As infants develop, a substantial subgroup will start to show delay in language emergence, starting around 18 months of age, even after excluding primary factors such as hearing impairment, ASD and other neurological disorders. Many Late Talkers will have persistent speech and language delays (e.g., Developmental Language Disorder) into school age and beyond. Even those who eventually achieve language scores within the average range still score lower than typically developing children. Late- talkers might thus provide a first clue of DLD, making them an important group to study. Yet, little is known regarding their early predictors. In my current parent Katz ESI R01, we are focusing on investigating whether infants at High Risk of developing DLD (i.e., with first-degree family member who exhibit speech and language disorders) already demonstrate altered neural processing of speech at 6, 12 and 14 months of age, straddling the sensitive period, compared to their Low Risk typically developing counterpart. The parent grant thus offers an optimal infrastructure for this proposed supplement project to start examining research questions related to early predictors of late talkers by adding additional measurements at additional time points. Specifically, we plan to examine two potential early predictors, namely being at High-Risk of DLD and language input in infancy. To characterize infants’ language abilities in toddlerhood, we plan to recruit all infants (i.e., both Low- Risk and High-Risk groups) in the parent grant longitudinal study to further enroll in the MacArthur- Bates Communicative Development Index (CDI) parental reports at 18, 21, 24, 27, 30 months of age. To characterize language input in infancy (e.g., amount of IDS), we plan to recruit all infants at 9 months of age (i.e., in the middle of the sensitive period) for daylong audio recordings of their home environment, using the Language Environment Analysis (LENA) system. Together, these additional measures collected in the supplement project will not only address two important questions regarding the early predictors of Late Talking, but will also help create a valuable multimodal dataset to share with the scientific community at the end of the parent grant. Testing these hypotheses will likely open many opportunities for follow-up questions. For example, in conjunction with the neuroimaging data collected through the parent grant, we can test if combining language input, infant neural processing of speech and risk-level can better predict late language emergence than any single factor.