Oil and Gas as Drivers of Climate Change and Health: Developing unique resources to investigate multi-level and diverse effects of exposure to oil and gas wells

项目总结/摘要 石油和天然气行业产生的温室气体占全球温室气体的一半。在地面上，当地的石油和天然气 生产会产生无数的暴露，这些暴露会增加患哮喘和癌症的风险，以及肝脏， 免疫和神经系统疾病。数百万加州居民在活跃的石油和天然气附近生活、工作和娱乐 威尔斯，因为国家不要求这些威尔斯和学校，家庭，公园， 或工作场所。油气威尔斯井的暴露是复杂和动态的，但很少有研究包括其广度和深度。 充分评估当代健康影响或了解未来变化所需的数据深度。的 加州教师研究（CTS）是一项前瞻性观察队列研究，随访了N= 133，477名成人 妇女，几乎所有人都住在加州，自1995-1996年以来一直如此。我们建议创建详细的， CTS参与者在CTS随访期间暴露于油气威尔斯的个人水平数据。首先，我们将使用 加州保护地质部提供的加州所有油气威尔斯井的详细数据 能源管理司（CalGEM）以及全州跟踪系统（WellSTAR）和Enverus， 一个商业服务，维护所有石油和天然气钻井的国家数据库，系统，以确定谁 暴露在石油和天然气井场。我们将创建与时间相关的暴露指标， 按时间、距离和产量以及燃烧对活动、闲置和加盖威尔斯井的暴露 事件其次，我们将把这些风险与其他社区一级的社会经济指标相结合。 状态（来自美国人口普查局）和环境负担（来自CalEnviroScreen）。三是 描述油气威尔斯和产量随时间和CTS的真实暴露分布 感兴趣的参与者分组。这些汇总数据和数据可视化将提供具体的 详细的数据研究人员需要加快他们的规划和未来的研究。我们还将进行一次验证- 通过比较参与者中与急诊相关的急诊科就诊模式进行的概念项目 暴露于与未暴露于石油和天然气威尔斯井的人。CTS是生成这些内容的理想环境 新数据可以加速气候变化研究。所有这些数据和资源都将公开 通过安全、用户友好和基于云的CTS研究员平台提供给各地的研究人员。 这些数据将使广泛的研究能够量化石油和天然气生产的影响 暴露对许多疾病终点的影响;评价这些暴露之间的潜在相互作用， 建筑和自然环境的其他方面;并评估过去和未来的潜在影响 暴露量的变化，如油井生产暂停或永久结束。这些数据将定位 CTS支持广泛的假设驱动的人口科学研究， 生产影响人类健康，并影响气候变化对人类健康的影响。

PROJECT SUMMARY / ABSTRACT The oil and gas industry generates half of all global greenhouse gasses. On the ground, local oil and gas production creates myriad exposures that can increase risks of developing asthma and cancer, as well as liver, immune, and neurologic diseases. Millions of California residents live, work, and play near active oil and gas wells because the State does not require any minimum distance between those wells & schools, homes, parks, or workplaces. Exposure to oil & gas wells is complex and dynamic, but few studies include the breadth and depth of data necessary to fully assess contemporary health effects or understand future changes. The California Teachers Study (CTS) is a prospective observational cohort that has followed N=133,477 adult women, almost all of whom live in California, continuously since 1995-1996. We propose to create detailed, individual-level data on CTS participants' exposure to oil and gas wells during CTS follow-up. First, we will use detailed data on all oil and gas wells in California from the California Department of Conservation Geologic Energy Management Division (CalGEM) well statewide tracking system (WellSTAR) and from Enverus, a commercial service that maintains a national database of all oil and gas well drilling, system to identify who was exposed to oil and gas well sites. We will create time-dependent exposure metrics that capture individuals' exposures to active, idle, and capped wells, by time, distance, and production volume, as well as flaring events. Second, we will integrate those exposures with other neighborhood-level measures of socioeconomic status (from the US Census Bureau) and environment burden (from CalEnviroScreen). Third, we will characterize the real-world exposure distribution of oil and gas wells and production over time and across CTS participant subgroups of interest. These summary data and data visualizations will provide the specific and detailed data researchers need to accelerate their planning and future research. We will also conduct a proof- of-concept project by comparing respiratory-related emergency department visit patterns among participants who were exposed vs. unexposed to oil and gas wells. The CTS is an ideal setting in which to generate these novel data that can accelerate research on climate change. All of these data and resources will be openly available to researchers everywhere via the secure, user-friendly, and cloud-based CTS Researcher Platform. These data will enable a broad range of research that can quantify the effects of oil and gas production exposure on numerous disease endpoints; evaluate the potential interactions between these exposures and other aspects of the built and natural environment; and assess the potential impacts of past and future changes in exposure, such as when well production is paused or permanently ended. These data will position the CTS to support a broad range of hypothesis-driven population-sciences research on how oil and gas production affects human health and influences the impact of climate change on human health.