DISPOSITION OF DRUGS OF ABUSE IN HUMAN HAIR

描述：(申请人摘要) 分析头发中的药物滥用是增长最快的领域 在毒品检测方面。它也有可能被用来确定 药物滥用治疗方案中的遵从性或累犯性，以提供 药物滥用流行病学研究的科学标志，以服务于 通过害怕被发现来威慑毒品的使用，并帮助 用药物检测方法检测胎儿潜在的药物暴露 母亲在孕期，新生儿在出生时。毒品可以是 在头发中检测到的，当血浆或尿液中 可测量的药物浓度。 在之前的赠款期间，我们开发了分析方法来 测量可待因、吗啡类大麻、苯巴比妥、MDMA和 头发里有冰毒。我们还确定可待因是 以剂量比例的方式掺入动物和人的头发中； 可待因和吗啡，而不是苯巴比妥 结合成黑发和白发；有特定的 可待因和吗啡的结合部位是黑色的，而不是白色的； 将人类的头发移植到无菌小鼠身上将成为 纳入滥用药物；可待因可在 人的头发在单次服药后30分钟内，并继续 在头发中检测到至少10周。 在接下来的文章中，我们将对这些发现进行扩展并开发新的 方法研究药物在头发中的结合情况。具体来说，我们会， 1)开发分析方法以测量以下物质的独特代谢产物 利用LC/MSMS检测头发中滥用药物；2)定位药物的分布 用电子免疫组织化学方法研究毛发成分中的药物结合 显微镜观察；3)确定毛发之间的关系 黑色素浓度和药物进入头发；4)表征 五氯苯酚在毛发中的掺入及其与离体毛的结合研究 5)决定性别和发色在药物中的作用 结合到人类受试者的头发中；以及6)确定在 人类受试者，主动分裂毛发形成细胞是否 药物合并所需的。 实现这些目标的实验将为细心的人提供数据 药物处置控制因素的科学研究 对人类头发的虐待。

DESCRIPTION: (Applicant's Abstract) The analysis of hair for drugs of abuse is the most rapidly growing area in drug detection. It also has the potential to be used to determine compliance or recidivism in drug-abuse treatment programs, to provide a scientific marker for epidemiological studies of drug abuse, to serve as a deterrent to drug usage by fear of detection, and to aid in the detection of potential drug exposure in fetuses by drug detection in the mother during pregnancy and in the newborn at birth. Drugs can be detected in hair at times when the plasma or urine does not contain measurable concentrations of drugs. During the previous grant period we have developed analytical methods to measure codeine, morphine cannabinoids, phenobarbital, MDMA, and methamphetamine in hair. We have also determined that codeine is incorporated into animal and human hair in a dose-proportional manner; that codeine and morphine, but not phenobarbital, are preferentially incorporated into black hair versus white hair; that there are specific binding sites for codeine and morphine in black, but not white, hair; that human hair grafted onto athymic mice will serve as a model for the incorporation of drugs of abuse; and that codeine can be detected in human hair within 30 minutes after a single dose, and continue to be detected in hair for at least 10 weeks. In this continuation, we will expand on these findings and develop new methods to study drug incorporation into hair. Specifically, we will, 1) develop analytical methods for measuring the unique metabolites of drugs of abuse in hair using LC/MSMS; 2) localize the distribution of drug binding in hair components using immunohistochemistry with electron microscopy visualization; 3) determine the relationship between the hair melanin concentration and drug incorporation into hair; 4) characterize the incorporation of PCP into hair and study its binding to isolated melanosomes; 5) determine the role of gender and hair color in drug incorporation into the hair of human subjects; and 6) determine, in human subjects, whether actively dividing hair-forming cells are required for drug incorporation. Experiments to achieve these aims will provide data for the careful scientific study of the factors controlling the disposition of drugs of abuse in human hair.