WOMEN'S MENTAL HEALTH: IMPACT OF WORK AND FAMILY

拟议的工作旨在解决几个主要的悬而未决的问题 关于性别与身心健康之间的关系， 分别以抑郁和自评健康来衡量。长的- 该项目的学期目标是确定男性 以及女性的抑郁和自我评估的健康，从而促进 对抑郁症和性别的社会根源的理解 抑郁和自我评价健康的差异。来自国家统计局的数据 健康家庭调查(NSFH)，两波纵向调查 美国家庭的全国代表性样本，提供了 史无前例的机会，在一大群有代表性的人群中研究， 分工的后果以及男人的有偿工作和家务劳动 并确定性别角色的机制和程序 与角色相关的活动会影响抑郁和自我评估的健康。这个 建议的工作寻求：(1)评估就业、家务、 以及男性和女性配偶之间有偿和无偿工作的分工 女性抑郁与自测健康：(2)考察干预 因素(例如，感知的角色质量和感知的公平性 有偿和无偿工作的划分)，这可能解释了 就业、家务和分工对抑郁和自我的影响 评估健康，(3)探索性别差异在多大程度上 社会角色和有偿与无偿工作的划分对 抑郁和自我评估的健康状况因种族和民族而异 (即白人、黑人和西班牙裔)。由于女性人数的增加 在整个育龄阶段，男性和女性都面临着 过去平衡有偿工作和家务劳动的压力更大。然而， 目前还没有关于分治的影响的全面研究 有偿劳动和家务劳动对男女身心的影响 健康。社会角色、角色质量和时间上的性别差异 必须考虑与角色相关的活动，才能了解 成年人心理和身体健康的性别差异。这个 关于家务活的不同影响和 家庭内男女之间的有偿和无偿工作分工 心理和身体健康是极其零散的。这项研究将 试图通过检查以下因素的影响来澄清不一致的发现 被感知的角色质量以及被感知的公平性 男性和女性在多数和少数群体中的作用。本研究 承诺填补有关社会问题的知识的几个空白 男性和女性健康的决定因素，为更多 广泛的纵向分析，并提出新的社会可能性 旨在增进身心健康的干预措施。优势 建议研究的其中一项因素是国家食物安全研究所的大样本数目，其 代表性，黑人和西班牙裔的过度样本，重复的 衡量抑郁、自我评估健康、工作和工资分配的指标 和无偿工作，以及丰富的社会人口数据 被调查者的生命。

The proposed work seeks to address several major unresolved issues regarding the relationships between gender and mental and physical health, as measured by depression and self-rated health, respectively. The long- term objective of this project is to identify social determinants of men's and women's depression and self-rated health, and thereby advance the understanding of the social origins of depression and of gender differences in depression and self-rated health. Data from the National Survey of Health Households (NSFH), a two-wave longitudinal survey of a national, representative sample of U.S. households, provide an unprecedented opportunity to study, in a large representative population, the consequences of the division and paid work and household labor for men and women and to identify mechanisms and processes by which gender roles and role-related activities affect depression and self-rated health. The proposed work seeks: (1) to assess the influence of employment, housework, and the division of paid and unpaid work between spouses on men's and women's depression and self-rated health, (2) to examine intervening factors (e.g., perceived role quality and perceived fairness of the division of paid and unpaid work) that might account for the affects of employment , housework, and the division of labor on depression and self- rated health, (3) to explore the extent to which gender differences in the effects of social roles and the division f paid and unpaid work on depression and self-rated health vary across racial and ethnic groups (i.e., whites, blacks, and Hispanics). Due to women's increasing employment throughout their child-bearing years, men and women face greater strains balancing paid work and household labor in the past. Yet, there have been no comprehensive studies on the impact of the division of paid work and household of labor on men's and women's mental and physical health. Gender difference in social roles, role quality, and time spent on role-related activities, must be taken into account in order to understand the gender differences in mental and physical health among adults. The information available on the differential effects of housework and the division of paid and unpaid work within households on men's and women's mental and physical health is extremely fragmented. This study will attempt to clarify the inconsistent findings by examining the effects of perceived role quality as well as perceived fairness of the division of roles on men and women in majority and minority populations. This study promises to fill several gaps in the knowledge about the social determinants of men's and women's health, to set the stage for more extensive longitudinal analyses, and to raise new possibilities for social intervention designed to enhance physical and mental health. The strengths of the proposed study are the large sample size of the NSFH, its represntativeness, the oversample of Blacks and Hispanics, the repeated measures of depression, self-rated health, work, and the division of paid and unpaid work, and the wealth of sociodemographic data on the respondent's lives.