Smoking During Pregnancy and Breast Cancer

描述(由申请人提供)： 尽管吸烟与几种癌症的病因有关， 吸烟与乳腺癌之间的关系尚不清楚。一个女人的 第一次怀孕代表着乳房细胞的快速增长期， 分化，因此，这是一段易受 吸烟或其他暴露。在怀孕期间，烟草诱变剂和免费 吸烟引起的自由基形成可能会影响快速生长的乳房组织 或者与升高的雌激素协同作用，增加乳腺癌的风险。 因为乳房组织在第一次怀孕时分化较少， 它可能比随后怀孕时更容易发生突变。 拟议的以人群为基础的病例对照研究将利用 统计数据-癌症登记数据，以检验香烟 第一次怀孕期间吸烟与患乳腺癌的风险有关。这个 这项研究的具体目的是：1)测量乳腺癌的风险 与第一次怀孕期间吸烟与不吸烟相关 在第一次怀孕期间，以及2)评估可能的差异 初孕期吸烟与肿瘤乳腺癌的关系 雌激素受体状态。在可能的范围内，该研究还将评估 平均吸烟量之间可能存在的剂量反应关系 第一次怀孕期间每天吸烟与乳腺癌风险，并测量 第一次怀孕期间吸烟与吸烟关系的可能差异 和乳腺癌风险根据受试者的特征，如当时的产次 诊断和孕前体重的关系。这项研究将是第一批 检查第一次怀孕期间吸烟和乳腺癌风险。这个 阐明首次怀孕期间吸烟在乳腺癌中的作用 这项研究将有助于理解乳腺癌的复杂病因， 并可能确定特定的预防策略来帮助减少乳腺癌 发病率。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Although cigarette smoking has been linked to the etiology of several cancers, the relationship between smoking and breast cancer remains unclear. A woman's first pregnancy represents a period of rapid breast cell growth and differentiation and thus, a period of vulnerability to the influences of smoking or other exposures. During pregnancy, tobacco mutagens and free radical formation caused by smoking may affect rapidly growing breast tissue or act synergistically with elevated estrogens to increase breast cancer risk. Because breast tissue is less differentiated at the onset of first pregnancy, it may be more susceptible to mutagenesis than in subsequent pregnancies. The proposed population-based case-control study will utilize linked vital statistics - cancer registry data to test the hypothesis that cigarette smoking during first pregnancy is related to the risk of breast cancer. The specific aims of this study are to: 1)measure the risk of breast cancer associated with smoking during a first pregnancy relative to not smoking during the first pregnancy, and 2)evaluate possible differences in the relation between smoking during first pregnancy and breast cancer by tumor estrogen receptor status. To the extent possible, the study will also evaluate a possible dose response relation between the average number of cigarettes smoked per day during first pregnancy and breast cancer risk, and measure possible differences in the relation between smoking during first pregnancy and breast cancer risk by subject characteristics such as parity at the time of diagnosis and pre-pregnancy weight. This study will be among the first to examine smoking during first pregnancy and breast cancer risk. The clarification of the role of smoking during first pregnancy in breast cancer development will aid in understanding the complex etiology of breast cancer, and may identify a specific preventive strategy to help reduce breast cancer incidence.