Prevention of depression among adolescents in Iceland

描述（由申请人提供）：重度抑郁症（MDD）是一种普遍存在的、使人衰弱的临床问题，在每个对其进行研究的国家都是如此。近几十年来，青少年中MDD的首次发病率一直在增加，因此首次发病率最高的是15-25岁年龄段的人群。此外，MDD是一种高度复发性疾病，经历一次发作的个体有超过50%的概率发生后续发作。因此，预防MDD的首次发作是一个重要且重要的健康问题。 我们已经将人类发展和经验性临床研究的结果与青少年纳入一个手动的，以学校为基础的计划，旨在预防MDD的风险发展的障碍。 在发展的背景下，14个会议的计划是基于解决问题的原则，人际关系，行为和青少年抑郁症的认知研究。一名学校心理学家，谁是学校的雇员，将领导一个小团体的格式程序。在拟议的项目中，我们计划实施和评估这一计划的成功与冰岛青少年谁是“风险”的第一次发作的MDD组。“有风险”定义为从未患有可诊断的MDD，并且：1）CDI评分为13或更高; 2）CASQNEG评分为第75百分位数或更高; 3）CAS-POS评分为第25百分位数或更低;或，4）CASQ-POS减去CASQ-NEG评分为第25百分位数或更低。参与者将是96名“有风险”的九年级（14岁）学生，他们将被随机分配到预防计划或“仅评估”的对照组。该计划将在整个学年进行，然后参与者将被跟踪第二年。所有参与者将在项目开始和结束时以及项目第二学年开始和结束时进行评估。该项目将为新的选择标准提供有价值的信息，并为冰岛全国范围内更大规模的预防方案提供可行性数据。该项目的数据将为冰岛和其他国家随后更大的预防方案提供信息和指导。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a prevalent and debilitating clinical problem in every country in which it has been studied. In recent decades, the rate of first episode of MDD has been increasing among adolescents, so that the highest rate of first onset is now among those in the 15-25 age range. Furthermore, MDD is a highly recurrent disorder, with individuals who experience one episode having over a 50% probability of subsequent episodes. Thus, prevention of the first episode of MDD is an important and significant health issue. We have incorporated findings from human development and empirical clinical research with adolescents into a manualized, school-based program designed to prevent MDD among those who are at risk for the development of the disorder. Within a developmental context, the 14-session program is based on principles of problem solving, interpersonal, behavioral, and cognitive studies of adolescent depression. A school psychologist, who is a school employee, will lead the program within a small-group format. In the proposed project we plan to implement and evaluate the success of this program with a group of Icelandic adolescents who are "at risk" for the first episode of MDD. "At risk" is defined as never having suffered from diagnosable MDD and: 1) scoring 13 or higher on the CDI; 2) scoring 75th percentile or higher on CASQNEG; 3) scoring 25th percentile or lower on CAS-POS; OR, 4) scoring 25th percentile or lower on CASQ-POS minus CASQ-NEG. Participants will be 96 "at risk" ninth grade (age 14) students, who will be randomly assigned to either the prevention program or to an "assessment only" control group. The program will be conducted throughout one entire school year, and then participants will be followed for a second year. All participants will be evaluated at the beginning and end of the program and at the beginning and end of the second school year of the project. This project will provide valuable information for the new selection criteria and feasibility data regarding a larger prevention program throughout Iceland. Data from this project will inform and provide guidelines for a subsequent larger prevention program in Iceland and in other countries.