Protective Mechanisms Against Pandemic Respiratory Virus

这个人类免疫学和生物防御的翻译研究合作中心被命名为 “流感免疫：针对大流行性呼吸道病毒的保护机制”。我们的 目的是利用疫苗诱导和自然获得的甲型流感免疫作为一种模型 全面、综合地分析适应性和先天免疫机制以及抗菌剂 保护儿童和成人的呼吸道。流感免疫学与生物防御相关 因为甲型流感有很大的潜力被转基因来创造一种生物恐怖分子。 此外，甲型流感会导致自然大流行，使很大一部分人丧失工作能力。 人口，危及防备。甲型流感具有许多微生物病原体的特征 这可能会成为平民生物恐怖主义的代理人。其中包括：高致病能力 发病率和死亡率，高效率的人与人之间的传播，高传染性的气雾剂， 导致有能力引发大规模疫情，有可能在公众中引起焦虑，并有可能 被武器化。当流感疫苗存在时，保护的免疫机制是 在人类宿主中对呼吸节律的诱导知之甚少。转基因甲型流感 表达独特血凝素(HA)和神经氨酸酶(NA)蛋白的病毒具有 感染所有年龄段的人。在生物防御的背景下，在生物防御系统中引发保护的速度 非免疫人群是至关重要的。甲型流感模型有望更好地定义 控制呼吸道感染的特殊适应性B细胞和T细胞免疫机制 系统。我们的研究方法还包括对先天自然杀伤细胞反应的研究 在儿童和成人获得适应性免疫的同时，也出现了对流感的反应。比较 当宿主对非肠道注射有反应时，流感疫苗将识别差异， 灭活的抗原，与通过呼吸道传播的减毒活病毒相比。在我们的中心， 调查员主导研究资源的技术开发组成部分及研究 项目将承担将基本免疫学方法快速转化为分析应用程序的工作 先天和后天的甲型流感免疫力。这些创新将具有广泛的关联性 了解人类对生物防御所关注的微生物病原体的免疫力。

This Cooperative Center for Translational Research on Human Immunology and Biodefense is entitled 'Influenza Immunity: Protective Mechanisms against a Pandemic Respiratory Virus'. Our objective is to use vaccine-induced and naturally acquired influenza A immunity as a model for comprehensive, integrated analyses of adaptive and innate immune mechanisms and antimicrobial protection of the respiratory tract in children and adults. Influenza immunology is relevant to biodefense because influenza A has significant potential to be modified genetically to create a bioterrorist agent. Further, influenza A causes natural pandemics, which can incapacitate a large fraction of the population, endangering preparedness. Influenza A has many characteristics of microbial pathogens that could become agents of civilian bioterrorism. Among these are: capacity to cause illness with high morbidity and mortality, highly efficient person-to-person transmission, high infectivity by aerosol, resulting in the capacity to cause large outbreaks, potential to cause anxiety in the public, and potential to be weaponized. While influenza vaccines exist, the immunologic mechanisms by which protection is induced in the respiratory tact are poorly understood in the human host. Genetically altered influenza A viruses that express unique hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins have the capacity to infect all age groups. In a biodefense context, the rapidity with which protection can be elicited in a non-immune population is critical. The influenza A model is expected to allow a better definition of specialized adaptive B cell and T cell immune mechanisms that control infections of the respiratory system. Our investigative approach also encompasses the study of innate, natural killer cell responses to influenza, in parallel with acquisition of adaptive immunity in children and adults. Comparing influenza vaccines will identify differences when the host responds to parenterally administered, inactivated antigens, versus live attenuated virus delivered via the respiratory route. At our Center, investigators leading the Research Resource Technical Development component and the Research Projects will undertake rapid translation of basic immunology methods into applications for analyzing innate and acquired influenza A immunity. These innovations will have broad relevance for understanding human immunity against microbial pathogens of concern for biodefense.