Exploring the neurobiological response to anti-drug media messages with fMRI

描述（由申请人提供）：药物滥用是一个主要的公共卫生问题，预防有问题的药物使用已成为公共卫生的优先事项。被归类为高感觉寻求者的人容易滥用药物和其他可能导致不良健康结果的危险行为。感觉寻求是一种基于生物学的人格特征，其特征是倾向于寻找并参与新颖多样的体验，以保持最佳的唤醒水平——即使这些体验涉及重大风险。使用电视公益广告（psa）的预防节目，为寻求高感觉的人量身定制，通过结合吸引和保持观众注意力的新奇元素和高感觉价值，有效地激发了行为和态度的改变。虽然在有针对性的预防运动方面取得了进展，但影响态度改变的认知和神经生物学机制尚未得到深入研究。本应用程序使用最先进的功能磁共振成像（fMRI）来探索高、低感觉寻求个体处理高感觉价值psa的神经生物学系统。本研究将确定处理公益广告的神经基质是否与新奇检测/寻求多巴胺奖励系统重叠，或者是否与参与自主觉醒和情绪调节的大脑系统重叠。鉴于青少年是初始吸毒、使用频率和滥用发展的相当脆弱的时期，本研究包括两个年龄组——青少年和年轻人。fMRI是一种理想的技术，用于探索涉及处理复杂媒体信息（如psa）的神经系统，因为它的非侵入性和揭示大规模激活模式的能力，反映了许多大脑系统的参与，这些系统可能参与复杂的信息处理。不同大脑系统的特征是通过两项常用的任务来完成的-新奇探测和情感诱导-结合处理在感觉价值（高和低）和主题内容（药物滥用与安全性行为）上各不相同的psa。本研究中使用的公益广告旨在达到高感觉寻求者，并且先前已经证明对青少年的态度改变有影响。psa在感觉价值方面有很好的特点。本应用程序提出的研究将为产生关于通过抗药物公益广告影响态度或行为改变的潜在神经生物学和认知机制假设提供基础。将社区、行为和神经生物学研究项目联合起来，将为进一步识别和提高预防信息的有效性提供一种手段。描述那些可能尝试吸毒的人处理反毒品媒体信息的大脑系统的特征，可以更好地理解未来如何设计预防信息。更好地了解相关的神经系统可以带来创造性的方法来激发这些个体的态度和行为改变。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Drug abuse is a major public health concern and preventing the onset of problematic drug use has become a public health priority. Individuals classified as high sensation seekers are vulnerable to drug abuse and other risky behaviors that may result in poor health outcomes. Sensation seeking is a biologically based personality trait marked by a tendency to seek out and engage in novel and varied experiences to maintain an optimal level of arousal -- even if those experiences involve significant risk. Prevention programs that use televised public service announcements (PSAs) tailored for high sensation seekers have been effective at motivating behavior and attitude change by incorporating elements of novelty and high sensation value that attract and hold the attention of the viewer. Although progress has been made with targeted prevention campaigns, the cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms involved in effecting attitude change have not been addressed in depth. The present application uses state-of-the-art functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore the neurobiological systems involved in processing high sensation value PSAs by high and low sensation seeking individuals. This study will determine whether the neural substrates of processing PSAs overlap with the novelty detection / seeking dopamine reward system or whether the neural substrates overlap with brain systems involved in autonomic arousal and emotional regulation. Given that adolescence is a fairly vulnerable period for initial drug use, frequency of use, and development of abuse, the present study includes two age groups -- adolescents and young adults. fMRI is an ideal technique for exploring the neural systems involved in processing complex media messages like PSAs due to its non-invasive nature and capacity to reveal large scale activation patterns that reflect the participation of numerous brain systems, which are likely engaged with complex message processing. The characterization of different brain systems is accomplished with two commonly used tasks - novelty detection and emotional induction - in conjunction with the processing of PSAs that vary in sensation value (high and low) and thematic content (substance abuse versus safe sex). The PSAs used in this study were designed to reach high sensation seekers and have been shown previously to effect attitude change in adolescents. The PSAs are well characterized in terms of sensation value. The research proposed in this application will provide a foundation for generating hypotheses about potential neurobiological and cognitive mechanisms involved in effecting attitude or behavior change through anti-drug PSAs. Uniting community, behavioral, and neurobiological programs of research will provide a means of further identifying and increasing the effectiveness of prevention messages. Characterizing the brain systems involved in processing anti-drug media messages in individuals who are likely to try drugs can lead to a better understanding of how to design prevention messages in the future. A better understanding of the neural systems involved can lead to creative ways to invoke attitude and behavior change in these individuals.