The Chernobyl Tissue Bank

描述（由申请人提供）：世界上许多国家正在考虑恢复核电，作为化石燃料供应减少的能源生产的替代品。然而，公众对核电站事故的健康影响相当关注，例如1986年4月26日发生在切尔诺贝利核电站的事故。该项目旨在提供高质量的受切尔诺贝利事故影响最严重的人的生物标本资源（切尔诺贝利组织库：CTB），并将其提供给世界各地的科学家。来自该资源的材料已被用于世界各地的一些项目，这些项目的结果已经改变了对辐射相关甲状腺癌分子生物学的解释方式。这是一项前瞻性研究，收集了1967年4月26日或之后出生的患者的材料，即在事故发生前出生并在子宫内暴露于各种放射性核素的患者，以及暴露于两种短寿命同位素的儿童或青少年患者。（例如131-I）和寿命更长的同位素（例如137-Cs），以及那些在事故后出生的人，因此只暴露于环境中低水平的长寿同位素（例如137-Cs）。后者提供了一个非常宝贵的对照人群，居住在相同的地区和相同的种族背景，但暴露于事故的长期后果。该项目利用自1992年以来与乌克兰和俄罗斯医生和科学家建立的关系，为长期监测事故的放射生物健康后果提供了一个平台。在向科学项目发放生物样本之前，要征得项目参与者的充分知情同意，并对其进行匿名处理。使用该资源的科学项目的研究结果将根据具体情况返回给该项目，从而使不同项目的结果相互关联，并创建资源丧失生物信息学研究。该项目支持的研究提供了丰富的信息，可用于确定核事故后甲状腺癌发病风险增加的因素，例如遗传易感性、受照年龄和受照剂量，以及寻求了解辐射照射后甲状腺癌的基本生物学，从而找到更有效的监测和治疗方法。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Many countries in the world are considering a return to nuclear power as an alternative to energy production from dwindling supplies of fossil fuels. However, the public has considerable concerns over the health implications of a nuclear power plant accident such as the one at occurred at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant on April 26th 1986. This project seeks to provide a high quality resource (the Chernobyl Tissue Bank: CTB) of biospecimens from those who were affected most by the Chernobyl accident and to make these available to scientists worldwide. Material from the resource has already been used in a number of projects worldwide and the result from these projects has already changed the way in which the molecular biology of radiation associated thyroid cancer is interpreted. This a prospective study that collects material from patients who were born on or after 26th April 1967 i.e. those who were born prior to the accident and exposed to various radionuclides in utero, childhood or adolescence who were exposed to both short-lived isotopes (e.g. 131-I) and longer lived isotopes (e.g. 137-Cs), and those who were born subsequent to the accident and therefore exposed only to low level longer lived isotopes in the environment (e.g. 137-Cs). The latter provide a very valuable control population, resident in the same areas and of the same racial background, but exposed to a longer term consequence of the accident. The project builds on relationships with physicians and scientists in Ukraine and Russia that have been established since 1992 and provides a platform for long-term monitoring of the radiobiological health consequences of the accident. Full informed consent is obtained from participants in the project and biosamples are anonymised prior to release to scientific projects. Research results from tine scientific projects that use the resource are returned to the project on a case-by-case basis enabling correlation of results from different projects and the creation of a resource forfeiture bioinformatic studies. The studies that this project supports provide a wealth of information that can be used to define factors that confer increased risk for the development of thyroid cancer following a nuclear accident e.g. genetic predisposition, age at exposure and exposed dose, as well as seeking to understand the basic biology of thyroid cancer following radiation exposure and therefore more effective methods for monitoring and treatment.