A 3-D Interactive Atlas of the Hand & Wrist Joints

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目将使用高分辨率成像方式生成小关节的创新模型，创建一个解剖学库，作为开发肌肉骨骼系统的形态学和生物力学精确模型的基础。这将主要建立在视觉人类项目的体素建模上，在微观层面上提供关于人类变异的精确体积信息。将使用高分辨率计算机断层扫描（CT）和30-130微米的同步辐射对手和手腕的关节进行成像，并使用高分辨率磁共振成像（MRI）对相同的标本进行成像。这些图像将与30微米切片标本的摄影图像相结合，从而形成一个全面的多模态数据集。所开发的观察方案将允许对离散解剖结构进行分割，并定义关节周围支持软组织（肌腱、韧带和骨膜）的重要相互关系。这种可视化也将允许超微结构解剖鉴定；例如，肌腱和韧带的插入如何与邻近的骨骼模式相对应，这些模式反映了生理负荷或异常磨损模式的区域。这提供了正常和病变（如关节炎）状态下的高分辨率功能图。这些复杂的观察协议的应用将创建一个Atlas-At-Large，并将用于开发交互式手和手腕教学模型，该模型带有注释，旋转体积骨骼和关节，与手部功能和临床条件模块相关。此外，这些数据集将提供来自多个尸体和骨骼标本的全面信息，提供对人类变异性的洞察，这将改善创伤和关节炎应用的植入物和设备的开发。骨与关节十年的使命是进一步教育、认识和治疗肌肉骨骼健康，当与骨质疏松症相关的关节疾病和损伤在美国达到流行病的比例时，这是一项艰巨的任务。从这个项目中产生的小关节的数字解剖库将有助于这项任务，进一步了解和治疗肌肉骨骼系统。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project will produce innovative models of small joints with high-resolution imaging modalities, creating an anatomical library that will serve as a foundation for developing morphologically and biomechanical accurate models of the musculoskeletal system. This will build substantially on the voxel modeling of the Visual Human Project, providing precise volumetric information on human variability at microscopic levels. Joints of the hand and wrist will be imaged using high-resolution computed tomography (CT) and synchrotron radiation at sizes between 30-130 microns, and the same specimens will be imaged using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These images will be combined with photographic images of the specimens sliced at 30 microns, permitting a comprehensive multi-modal dataset. Viewing protocols developed will permit segmentation of discrete anatomical structures, as well as define the important interrelationship of supporting soft tissues (tendon, ligament, and periosteum) around joints. Such visualization will also permit identification of the ultrastructural anatomy; for instance, how the insertion of tendon and ligament corresponds to adjacent bone patterns which reflect regions of physiologic loading or abnormal wear patterns. This provides a high-resolution map of function in the normal and diseased state, such as in arthritis. Application of these sophisticated viewing protocols will create an Atlas-At-Large, and will be used to develop interactive hand and wrist teaching models of annotated, rotating volumetric bones and joints, which correlate to modules about hand function and clinical conditions. Furthermore, these datasets will provide comprehensive information from several cadaver and bone specimens, providing insight into human variability that will improve implant and device development for trauma and arthritis applications. The mission of the Bone and Joint Decade is to further education, recognition and treatment of musculoskeletal health, which is a monumental task when joint disease and injuries related to osteoporosis have reached epidemic proportions in the United States. The digital anatomical libraries of small joints produced from this project will help in that mission, to further the understanding and treatment of the musculoskeletal system.