U HAWAII COBRE: ADMINISTRATIVE & MENTORING CORE

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中的一个 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源。子项目和 研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金， 因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。所列机构为 研究中心，而研究中心不一定是研究者所在的机构。 在过去25年中，传染病在全球范围内急剧复苏，使传染病重新成为世界范围内发病率和死亡率的主要原因。 此外，传染病是亚太区域在新千年之初面临的最重要的公共卫生和经济问题之一。 整个亚洲和大洋洲人口无节制增长和普遍的环境动荡，加上公共卫生基础设施的暗中崩溃，沿着加剧了传染病的死灰复燃。 人、动物和昆虫通过喷气式飞机的移动也大大促进了传染病的传播。 最近的一个例子是2001年夏威夷在中断近60年后爆发的登革热。 因此，迫切需要提高传染病监测能力。 战略性的地理位置以及与亚太区域资源贫乏的发展中国家的密切联系，使夏威夷大学马诺阿分校在监测新发现的传染病，如尼帕病毒性脑炎和严重急性呼吸系统综合征（萨斯）的出现或传入和传播方面处于独特的地位。 在此背景下，太平洋新兴传染病研究中心正在发展成为一个多学科的卓越中心，用于传染病的研究和培训，并作为诊断和控制新的，新兴的和重新出现的微生物威胁的区域参考中心。 调查将侧重于与感染人乳头瘤病毒（导致妇女宫颈癌）和A组链球菌（导致急性风湿热）有关的风险因素。 此外，将研究对登革热病毒的免疫反应，作为旨在进行疫苗效力试验的更大计划的一部分。 此外，研究将侧重于开发用于医学上重要的微生物疾病的改进的快速诊断测试。 这些传染病中的每一种都具有地方和区域重要性，对夏威夷和亚太区域服务不足的少数民族和处境不利或边缘化社区的影响尤为严重。 禽流感病毒（H5 N1或 禽流感）家禽及候鸟感染禽流感的报告，现时已在全球六十多个国家出现。 虽然人类感染H5 N1的人数相对较低（迄今为止，200例病例中的大多数发生在越南、印度尼西亚和泰国），但近50%的高死亡率加剧了人们的恐惧，并使人们越来越担心下一次人类流感大流行会出现。 1918年H1N1流感大流行是由禽类引起的，这进一步加剧了人们的担忧。 亚洲目前发生的这些事件对太平洋岛屿国家以及美洲的公共卫生构成了真实的威胁，因为喷气式飞机旅行迅速而不受限制，而且已知野生候鸟的飞行路线。 此外，当前和未来的经济损失是巨大的。 随着太平洋新兴传染病研究中心的成立，作为传染病研究和培训的多学科卓越中心，夏威夷大学我在马诺阿将很好地定位为这些新的，新兴的和重新出现的微生物威胁的研究，特别是那些起源于东南亚作出有意义的贡献。 具体目标1。通过指导一批有前途的年轻教员进行对亚太区域具有重要医学意义的传染病研究，建设机构能力。 具体目标2。通过加强指导能力和扩大技术支持基础设施的能力，提高研究竞争力。 具体目标3。多样化的研究广度和中心的跨学科范围，通过有针对性的招聘和保留资助的教师与互补的专业知识，并通过实验室空间和研究支持业务的集中化。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. A dramatic global resurgence of infectious diseases has occurred during the past 25 years, such that infectious diseases have regained their position as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Moreover, infectious diseases are among the most important public health and economic problems facing the Asia-Pacific region at the beginning of the new millennium. Unbridled population growth and widespread environmental upheaval throughout Asia and Oceania, along with the insidious breakdown of the public health infrastructure, have contributed to the resurgence of infectious diseases. Movements of people, animals and insect vectors via jet travel have also greatly facilitated the dissemination of infectious diseases. A recent example is the outbreak of dengue fever in Hawaii in 2001, after a hiatus of nearly 60 years. Thus, heightened capacity for infectious diseases surveillance is urgently needed. The strategic geographic location and strong ties to resource-poor developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region places the University of Hawaii at Manoa in a unique position to monitor the emergence or introduction and spread of newly recognized infectious diseases, such as Nipah virus encephalitis and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Against this backdrop, the Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Research is being developed as a multi-disciplinary center of excellence for research and training in infectious diseases and as a regional reference center for the diagnosis and control of new, emerging and re-emerging microbial threats. Investigations will focus on the risk factors associated with acquisition of infection with human papillomaviruses (which cause cervical cancer in women) and group A streptococci (which cause acute rheumatic fever). In addition, the immune responses to dengue viruses will be studied, as part of a larger program aimed at conducting vaccine efficacy trials. In addition, studies will focus on the development of improved rapid diagnostic tests for medically important microbial diseases. Each of these infectious diseases is of local and regional importance and disproportionately affect under-served ethnic minorities and disadvantaged or marginalized communities in Hawaii and the Asia-Pacific region. Outbreaks of avian influenza virus (H5N1 or bird flu) infection in domestic fowl and migratory birds have now been reported in more than 60 countries worldwide. Although the number of H5N1 infections in humans has been relatively low (with most of the 200 cases occurring thus far in Vietnam, Indonesia and Thailand), the high mortality rate of nearly 50% has heightened fear and produced growing anxiety that the next human influenza pandemic will emerge. That the 1918 H1N1 pandemic was of avian origin has further fueled concern. These current events in Asia pose a real threat to the public health of Pacific Island nations as well as the Americas, by virtue of rapid and unrestricted jet travel and the known flyways of migratory wild birds. Moreover, the current and future economic toll is enormous. With the establishment of the Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, as a multi-disciplinary center of excellence for research and training in infectious diseases, the University of Hawaii at Manoa will be well positioned to make meaningful contributions to the study of such new, emerging and re-emerging microbial threats, especially those originating in southeast Asia. Specific Aim 1. Build institutional capacity by mentoring a cadre of promising young faculty to conduct research on infectious diseases of medical importance to the Asia-Pacific region. Specific Aim 2. Improve research competitiveness by enhancing the capacity for mentoring and expanding the capability of the technical support infrastructure. Specific Aim 3. Diversify the research breadth and trans-disciplinary scope of the Center through targeted recruitment and retention of funded faculty with complementary expertise and through centralization of laboratory space and research-support operations.