Health and Mortality Risks among Co-Resident Grandchildren, Parents, and Grandpar

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目将检查共同居住的祖父母，父母（如果存在）和孙子孙女的健康和死亡风险，并记录与所有家庭成员的健康相关的人口和社会经济因素。尽管共同居住的祖父母在许多家庭中发挥着核心作用，家庭结构对人们的健康至关重要，但很少有研究探讨共同居住的祖父母家庭与所有家庭成员的健康之间的关系。1970年至2004年期间，18岁以下儿童与祖父母一起生活的比例增加了73%，2000年，近560万祖父母与18岁或18岁以下的孙辈一起生活。但是，共同居住的祖父母及其家人很可能生活在贫困中，并将超过30%的收入用于租金，这表明他们也可能面临健康状况不佳的风险。以前在这一领域的研究往往受到种族/民族或社会经济多样性很小、健康或社会经济变量很少、缺乏所有共同居住家庭成员的信息以及区域样本很小的数据的限制。我们使用了1985-2006年全国健康访谈调查（NHIS）的全国代表性横截面数据，以及将1986-2000年NHIS数据中18岁及以上的成年人与2002年国家死亡指数（NDI）中的死亡人数联系起来的前瞻性数据。这些数据包括50，894名祖父母（7，059人死亡），51，590名父母（1，006人死亡）和59，429名孙子孙女。对祖父母和父母的分析将检查横截面健康和预期死亡率，但对孙辈的分析将只关注横截面健康指标，因为18岁以下的人与死亡率无关，以保护他们的身份（太少的孙辈年龄在18岁或以上，以检查他们的死亡风险）。具体而言，我们的目标是（1）检查是否存在共同居住的孙子，父母，或祖父母与其他家庭成员的健康;（2）检查是否有种族/民族差异的家庭结构和健康之间的关系，祖父母，父母和孙子;（3）研究家庭的性别组成是否与祖父母、父母和孙辈的健康有关;（4）检查家庭的年龄组成是否与祖父母、父母和孙辈的健康有关;以及（5）研究家庭结构与健康之间的关系是否因祖父母，父母，还有孙子这项研究的结果将促进我们对大家庭结构与健康之间关系的认识，并可以帮助政策制定者和公共卫生专业人员确定健康状况不佳风险最大的家庭。该项目的主要目标是检查共同居住的祖父母，父母（如果存在）和孙子孙女的健康和死亡风险，并记录与所有家庭成员健康相关的社会，人口和经济因素。我们使用的数据来自全国代表性的全国健康访谈调查，调查抽样家庭中的所有个人;提供有关健康，社会经济地位和人口背景的详细横截面数据;并通过国家死亡指数与18岁及以上成年人的预期死亡率相关联。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project will examine the health and mortality risks of co-resident grandparents, parents (if present), and grandchildren, and document the demographic and socioeconomic factors that are associated with the health of all family members. Despite the central role of co-resident grandparents in many families, and the importance of family structure for people's health, little research examines the relationship between families with co-resident grandparents and the health of all family members. Between 1970 and 2004 there was a 73% increase in the percentage of children under age 18 living with their grandparents, and in 2000 nearly 5.6 million grandparents lived with grandchildren aged 18 or younger. But co-resident grandparents and their families are very likely to live in poverty and to spend over 30% of their income on rent, suggesting that they might also be at increased risks of poor health. Prior research in this area is frequently limited by data with little race/ethnic or socioeconomic diversity, few health or socioeconomic variables, lack of information on all co- resident family members, and small, regional samples. We use nationally representative, cross-sectional data from the 1985-2006 waves of the National Health interview Survey (NHIS), and prospective data that links adults aged 18 and older in the 1986-2000 NHIS data to deaths in the National Death Index (NDI) through 2002. These data hold 50,894 grandparents (contributing 7,059 deaths), 51,590 parents (contributing 1,006 deaths), and 59,429 grandchildren. Analyses of grandparents and parents will examine both cross-sectional health and prospective mortality, but analyses of grandchildren will focus only on cross-sectional health measures because those under age 18 are not linked to mortality to protect their identities (too few grandchildren are aged 18 or older to examine their risks of death). Specifically, we aim to (1) examine whether the presence of co-resident grandchildren, parents, or grandparents is associate with the health of other family members; (2) examine whether there are race/ethnic differences in the relationship between family structure and health among grandparents, parents, and grandchildren; (3) examine whether the gender composition of the family is associated with health among grandparents, parents, and grandchildren; (4) examine whether the age composition of the family is associated with health among grandparents, parents, and grandchildren; and (5) examine whether the relationship between family structure and health varies by individual and family level socioeconomic status among grandparents, parents, and grandchildren. The findings from this research will advance our knowledge of the relationship between extended family structures and health, and could help policy makers and public health professionals identify the families that are at greatest risk of poor health. The primary goal of this project is to examine the health and mortality risks of co-resident grandparents, parents (if present), and grandchildren, and to document the social, demographic, and economic factors that are associated with the health of all family members. We use data from the nationally representative National Health Interview Survey that surveys all individuals in sampled households; offers detailed cross-sectional data on health, socioeconomic status, and demographic background; and has links to prospective mortality for adults aged 18 and older via the National Death Index.