Binocular Rivalry in Human Vision

9 这项建议将使用心理物理学技术，连同计算建模，研究双目 竞争，在稳定的双眼单视觉的故障造成的不和谐的单眼输入。期间 竞争眼睛传达矛盾的信息给大脑关于物体的性质在给定的位置， 视觉空间面对不同的解释，大脑会陷入一种不稳定的状态， 只要眼睛看到不一致的刺激，知觉就会持续波动。双目镜的研究 竞争，以及其他形式的多稳定的看法，重要的是对一些关键问题， 视觉科学：知觉组织，动力系统，视觉意识，注意力，可能还有， 斜视抑制的神经基础（一种基于发育的双眼视觉障碍，影响眼睛的视觉功能， 占人口的5%）。近年来，对双眼竞争的兴趣大大增加， 这部分归功于π实验室之前的工作。然而，重要的问题仍未解决， 关于竞争的决定因素及其潜在的神经基础。在以前工作的基础上， EY13358，拟议的研究将探讨这些问题中的几个：a）神经适应在 引发竞争优势（动态）的不稳定性，这是计算模型所强调的问题， 竞争，B）视觉适应后效所揭示的抑制刺激的剩余有效性 （抑制），c）竞争（选择）中初始优势的决定因素，特别强调情感 和注意力因素，以及d）注意力对竞争优势（优势）的影响， 这是最近关于竞争的报道所暗示的。使用心理物理学技术与定量建模相结合， 拟议的实验将解决有关竞争的悬而未决的争议，包括神经系统的作用。 适应和"自上而下"的认知因素的选择，优势和抑制。中 心理物理技术是一种新的，客观的程序，用于创建竞争动力学的记录。结果 这些研究将指导最近的竞争计算模型的改进和合并， 测试预测从一个新提出的帐户双目抑制。最后，这些结果 实验将指导神经生理学家和认知神经科学家寻求发现实际的神经 多稳定感知的伴随物。

9 This proposal will use psychophysical techniques, together with computational modeling, to study binocular rivalry, the breakdown in stable binocular single vision resulting from discordant monocular inputs. During rivalry the eyes convey contradictory information to the brain about the nature of objects at given locations in visual space. Faced with rival interpretations, the brain lapses into an unstable state characterized by fluctuations in perception that continue as long as the eyes view discordant stimuli. The study of binocular rivalry, as well as other forms of multi-stable perception, bears importantly on a number of key issues in vision science: perceptual organization, dynamical systems, visual awareness, attention and, possibly, neural bases of strabismic suppression (a developmentally-based disorder of binocular vision that affects an estimated 5% of the population). Interest in binocular rivalry has grown considerably in recent years, sparked in part by previous work from the Pi's laboratory. Still, important issues remain unresolved, issues concerning the determinants of rivalry and its underlying neural bases. Building on earlier work supported by EY13358, the proposed studies will explore several of these issues: a) the role of neural adaptation in triggering the instability of rivalry dominance (dynamics), a problem highlighted by computational models of rivalry, b) the residual effectiveness of a suppressed stimulus as revealed by visual adaptation aftereffects (suppression), c) determinants of initial dominance in rivalry (selection), with particular emphasis on affective and attentional factors, and d) the influence of attention on rivalry dominance (predominance), an influence implied by recent accounts of rivalry. Using psychophysical techniques paired with quantitative modeling, the proposed experiments will resolve outstanding controversies concerning rivalry, including the role of neural adaptation and "top-down" cognitive factors in selection, dominance and suppression. Among the psychophysical techniques is a new, objective procedure for creating records of rivalry dynamics. Results from these studies will guide refinement and amalgamation of recent computational models of rivalry and will test predictions from a newly proposed account of binocular suppression. Finally, results from these experiments will guide neurophysiologists and cognitive neuroscientists seeking to discover the actual neural concomitants of multi-stable perception.