Binocular Rivalry in Human Vision

人类视觉中的双眼竞争

• 批准号: 7194167
• 负责人: Robert Randolph Blake
• 金额: $ 33.49万
• 依托单位: VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-04-10 至 2010-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7194167
• 关键词: Accounting; Affect; Affective; Attention; Awareness; Binocular Vision Disorder; Binocular rivalry; Brain; Cognitive; Computer Simulation; Dependence; Effectiveness; Event; Eye; Funding; Grant; Human; Laboratories; Literature; Location; Methodology; Modeling; Nature; Neurosciences; Numbers; Perception; Population; Procedures; Psychophysiology; Records; Research Personnel; Residual state; Role; Stimulus; Techniques; Testing; Ursidae Family; Vision; Visual; Visual system structure; Work; base; interest; monocular; neuroadaptation; perceptual organization; relating to nervous system; research study; vision science; visual adaptation; visual process; visual processing

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal will use psychophysical techniques, together with computational modeling, to study binocular rivalry, the breakdown in stable binocular single vision resulting from discordant monocular inputs. During rivalry the eyes convey contradictory information to the brain about the nature of objects at given locations in visual space. Faced with rival interpretations, the brain lapses into an unstable state characterized by fluctuations in perception that continues as long as the eyes view discordant stimuli. The study of binocular rivalry, as well as other forms of multi-stable perception, bears importantly on a number of key issues in vision science: perceptual organization, dynamical systems, visual awareness, attention and, possibly, neural bases of strabismic suppression (a developmentally-based disorder of binocular vision that affects an estimated 5% of the population). Interest in binocular rivalry has grown considerably in recent years, sparked in part by previous work from the principle investigator's laboratory. Still, important issues remain unresolved, issues concerning the determinants of rivalry and its underlying neural bases. Building on earlier work supported by EY13358, the proposed studies will explore several of these issues: a) the role of neural adaptation in triggering the instability of rivalry dominance (dynamics), a problem highlighted by computational models of rivalry, b) the residual effectiveness of a suppressed stimulus as revealed by visual adaptation aftereffects (suppression), c) determinants of initial dominance in rivalry (selection), with particular emphasis on affective and attentional factors, and d) the influence of attention on rivalry dominance (predominance), an influence implied by recent accounts of rivalry. Using psychophysical techniques paired with quantitative modeling, the proposed experiments will resolve outstanding controversies concerning rivalry, including the role of neural adaptation and "top-down" cognitive factors in selection, dominance and suppression. Among the psychophysical techniques is a new, objective procedure for creating records of rivalry dynamics. Results from these studies will guide refinement and amalgamation of recent computational models of rivalry and will test predictions from a newly proposed account of binocular suppression. Finally, results from these experiments will guide neurophysiologists and cognitive neuroscientists seeking to discover the actual neural concomitants of multi-stable perception.

描述（由申请人提供）：该提案将使用心理物理学技术，连同计算建模，研究双眼竞争，不协调的单眼输入导致稳定的双眼单一视觉的崩溃。在竞争过程中，眼睛向大脑传达关于视觉空间中给定位置的物体性质的矛盾信息。面对对立的解释，大脑陷入一种不稳定的状态，其特征是感知的波动，只要眼睛看到不一致的刺激，这种波动就会持续下去。对双眼竞争以及其他形式的多稳定感知的研究，对视觉科学中的许多关键问题具有重要意义：感知组织，动力系统，视觉意识，注意力以及可能的斜视抑制的神经基础（一种基于发育的双眼视觉障碍，影响约5%的人口）。近年来，对双眼竞争的兴趣大大增加，部分原因是由主要研究者实验室以前的工作引发的。尽管如此，重要的问题仍然没有得到解决，这些问题涉及竞争的决定因素及其潜在的神经基础。在EY13358支持的早期工作的基础上，拟议的研究将探讨其中几个问题：a）神经适应在触发竞争优势不稳定性中的作用（动力学），竞争的计算模型所强调的问题，B）视觉适应后效所揭示的抑制刺激的剩余有效性（抑制），c）竞争中的初始优势的决定因素（选择），特别强调情感和注意力因素，以及d）注意力对竞争优势的影响（优势），最近的竞争帐户暗示的影响。使用心理物理技术与定量建模相结合，拟议的实验将解决有关竞争的悬而未决的争议，包括神经适应和“自上而下”的认知因素在选择、支配和抑制中的作用。在心理物理学技术中，有一种新的、客观的程序，用于记录竞争动力学。这些研究的结果将指导最近的竞争计算模型的改进和融合，并将测试新提出的双眼抑制的预测。最后，这些实验的结果将指导神经生理学家和认知神经科学家寻求发现多稳态感知的实际神经伴随物。