Gender-Specific Trajectories of Risk Behavior: Substance Abuse and Delinquency

描述(由申请人提供)：在青少年中，药物滥用和犯罪与多种问题后果有关，包括危险的性行为、精神健康问题、家庭冲突、学业中断和成人功能障碍。这些危险行为的纵向过程和关系因性别而异，尽管很少有研究使用社区(而不是临床或其他高需求)样本来调查药物滥用和犯罪的性别特定轨迹及其随时间的关系。物质使用障碍和犯罪并存是很常见的，但关于这些行为在青春期按性别出现和纵向发展的研究很少。这项研究旨在通过探索共享的和性别特定的影响(个人、同伴、家庭和邻居)对药物滥用、犯罪及其随时间推移的关系来填补知识空白。该项目的具体目标是：(1)确定 这项研究的目的是：(1)确定和审查与男孩和女孩的药物滥用和犯罪的发展轨迹有关的共同的、不同性别的风险和保护因素；(3)调查和比较男孩和女孩的药物滥用和犯罪在时间顺序和严重程度变化方面的纵向关系；(3)调查和比较男孩和女孩的药物滥用和犯罪之间的纵向关系，说明与预测因素的关系。这项拟议的项目利用了芝加哥社区人类发展项目(PHDCN)的数据，在三次浪潮中对大约1100名男性和1100名女性青年及其照顾者进行了多年的跟踪调查。随着时间的推移，人口统计协变量、个人和家庭风险和保护因素以及同伴和邻居风险因素将被包括在青少年行为模型中。针对性别的分析将分别检查女孩和男孩，以确定药物使用、犯罪和关系发展的不同模式。随着时间的推移，估计多水平模型将根据邻域和纵向的数据集群进行调整。这项研究的结果有助于为预防和干预药物滥用和犯罪的循证战略提供依据，这些战略对男孩和女孩都有效。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Among adolescents, substance abuse and delinquency are associated with multiple problematic outcomes, including risky sexual behavior, mental health problems, family conflict, academic disruption, and disordered adult functioning. The longitudinal course and relationship of these risk behaviors has been posited to differ by gender, although little research has investigated gender-specific trajectories of both substance abuse and delinquency and their relationship over time, using a community (rather than clinical or other high-need) sample. Co-occurrence of substance use disorders and delinquency is common, but research focused on the emergence and longitudinal course of these behaviors by gender during adolescence is scant. This study aims to fill knowledge gaps by exploring shared and gender-specific influences (individual, peer, family and neighborhood) on substance abuse, delinquency and their relationship over time. The specific aims of the project are: (1) To identify latent classes describing developmental trajectories of substance abuse and delinquency specific to boys and girls; (2) To identify and examine shared and gender-specific risk and protective factors associated with trajectories of substance abuse and delinquency in boys and girls; and (3) To investigate and compare longitudinal relationships between substance abuse and delinquency in boys and girls in terms of time order and changes in severity, accounting for relationships with predictors. The proposed project utilizes data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN), following approximately 1,100 male and 1,100 female youth and their caregivers across multiple years during three waves. Demographic covariates, individual and family risk and protective factors, and peer and neighborhood risk factors will be included in models of adolescent behavior over time. Gender-specific analyses will examine girls and boys separately, to identify heterogeneous patterns of development of substance use and delinquency and relationships. Multilevel models will be estimated to adjust for clustering of data by neighborhood and longitudinally over time. Findings from this study can help inform evidence-based strategies for prevention and intervention of substance abuse and delinquency that are effective for boys and girls.