Functional Spectroscopy with Real-Time Feedback for Altering Preferences in Addic

摘要 该项目将开发一种实时神经成像和行为方法，通过该方法 有毒瘾的人可能会使用基于大脑和按键的反馈来调节他们的 对药物线索的反应，并改变上瘾的大脑和行为特征。吸毒成瘾可能 以薪酬体系重组为特征的短期快速奖励、递减 对长期后果的评估、冲动和行为指令表的缩小 (即，对一个人表现出偏好的事物集合的限制)。来处理这些问题 上瘾的症状，一种治疗方法是开发冲动最小化 通过适应行为疗法的技术。这些治疗技术有 传统上专注于难以量化或改变的成瘾的心理社会测量 客观地说。成瘾神经科学的最新进展揭示了强健的改变 成瘾中的奖赏/厌恶回路以及实验心理变量可能是 易于与行为技术一起使用。具体地说，结构和功能核磁共振测量 前额叶皮质，指出吸毒者的局部差异与 基于按键的相对偏好表型，量化他们的受限行为 曲目。技术和计算方面的进步表明，这些神经科学措施 可能被用来进行行为治疗。为此，该项目列出了一套 里程碑作为R21提案，以制定(A)高信噪比、量化的技术工作流程 基于单体素和双体素光谱的BOLD激活测量；(B)实时 信号分析和显示软件，用于根据行为和粗略向个人反馈 信号；(C)将成像、实验心理学和反馈平台与 扫描仪中的目标。在成功实现这些里程碑之后，又推出了一套 里程碑被组织为R33提案，以证明：(D)这些技术可以 用于监测受试者对大脑信号的调制和相对偏好表型，(E) 真实性测试中脑信号调制与按键反应的整合 以及(F)将这些技术应用于可卡因依赖受试者。我们预见到 这些概念验证里程碑是未来使用这种方法的先决条件 治疗试验。

Abstract This project will develop a real-time neuroimaging and behavioral method by which individuals with addiction may use brain- and keypress-based feedback to modulate their responses to drug cues, and alter brain and behavior signatures of addiction. Drug addiction can be characterized by a restructuring of the reward system to short-term rapid rewards, decreased assessment of long-term consequences, impulsivity, and a narrowing of the behavioral repertoire (i.e., restriction in the set of things toward which one shows preference). To deal with these symptoms of addiction, one therapeutic approach has been to develop urge minimization techniques through adaptations of behavioral therapy. These therapy techniques have traditionally focused on psychosocial measures of addiction that can be difficult to quantify or alter objectively. Recent advances in addiction neuroscience have revealed robust alterations of reward/aversion circuitry along with experimental psychology variables in addiction that may be amenable to use with behavioral techniques. Specifically, structural and functional MRI measures of prefrontal cortex, point to localized differences in addicts that can be connected with a keypress-based phenotype of relative preference that quantifies their restricted behavioral repertoire. Technical and computational advances suggest that these neuroscience measures might be harnessed for behavioral therapy. Toward this end, this project lays out a set of milestones as an R21 proposal to develop (a) a technical work-flow for high SNR, quantitative BOLD activation measurement based on single and double voxel spectroscopy; (b) real-time signal analysis and display software for feedback to individuals based on behavior and BOLD signal; (c) integration of platforms for imaging, experimental psychology, and feedback with subjects in the scanner. Following successful attainment of these milestones, a further set of milestones are organized as an R33 proposal to demonstrate: (d) that these technologies can be applied to monitor modulation of brain signal and relative preference phenotype by subjects, (e) integration of modulation of brain signal and keypress responses during realistic testing conditions, and (f) the application of these techniques to cocaine dependent subjects. We foresee these proof-of-concept milestones to be prerequisites for the future use of such a method in therapeutic trials.